基于共现网络的关键微生物对秸秆还田土壤小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Key-stone Microbe Based on Co-occurrence Networks on Wheat Yield in the Soils with Straw Returning

作　　者：邱丽丽 李丹丹[1] 张佳宝 赵炳梓[1] QIU Lili;LI Dandan;ZHANG Jiabao;ZHAO Bingzi(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Environmental and Chemistry,Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]楚雄师范学院资源环境与化学学院,云南楚雄675000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第2期491-502,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41271311);财政部和农业农村部“中国现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-03)共同资助。

摘　　要：秸秆施用对作物产量影响效应不一致的机理尚不清楚,可能与秸秆施用诱导的土壤关键微生物群落组成及其丰度变化对产量影响的机理挖掘不够深入有关。选择红壤和黄褐土进行小麦盆栽实验,设置不同秸秆施用水平(S0、S10、S30,分别为0、10、30 g·kg^(-1)土),基于细菌-真菌共现网络评估微生物生态集群、酶活性、化学性质对秸秆施用下小麦产量的影响。结果表明,施用秸秆显著提升了两种土壤的速效养分、可溶性有机碳、微生物生物量碳含量及土壤酶(淀粉酶、转化酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶)活性,但红壤上小麦产量随着秸秆施用量增加显著增加,而黄褐土上则随着秸秆施用量增加而显著降低。与S0相比,红壤中S10和S30处理的籽粒重和地上部生物量分别提升33%~44%和73%~85%,黄褐土中则分别降低22%~25%和55%。共现网络中两个关键生态集群的丰度、酶活性、土壤化学性质的共同正效应影响了红壤小麦产量变化,而关键生态集群丰度对黄褐土小麦产量变化有更大的正效应。秸秆施用显著增加了红壤中与小麦产量正相关的Aspergillus丰度,显著降低了黄褐土中与小麦产量正相关的Bacillus、Burkholderia、Basidiobolus丰度。综上,秸秆施用后红壤中关键有益微生物丰度增加、酶活性增强、化学性质改善叠加作用使小麦产量提升;而黄褐土上小麦产量降低主要与关键有益微生物丰度降低有关,其效应超过化学性质和酶活性的改善。以上结果暗示关键微生物丰度的改变对秸秆还田土壤上作物产量变异有重要影响。【Objective】The mechanism of the inconsistent effects of straw application on crop yield is still unclear,and the main reason may be related to the insufficient understanding of the effects of straw application on soil microbial community composition and its abundance changes on crop yield.【Method】A pot experiment to study the growth of wheat was carried out using red and yellow-cinnamon soils.Three levels of straw application were set for each soil,namely 0,10 and 30 g·kg^(-1)soil(S0,S10,S30).Based on bacterial-fungal co-occurrence networks,the Path analysis model was used to evaluate the contribution of microbial ecological clusters,enzyme activities and chemical properties to wheat yield.【Result】The results showed that although the content of available nutrients,soluble organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities(amylase,invertase,polyphenol oxidase,urease,acid phosphatase,dehydrogenase)increased significantly in both soils,the wheat yield increased with the increase in straw dosage in the red soil but decreased in yellow-cinnamon soil.Compared with S0,S10 and S30 treatments increased wheat grain weight and above-ground biomass by 33%-44%and by 73%-85%in the red soil;and decreased wheat grain weight and above-ground biomass by 22%-25%and by 55%in the yellow-cinnamon soil,respectively.The abundance of two key ecological clusters within the bacterial-fungal co-occurrence network,enzyme activities and soil chemical properties had positive effects on wheat yield in red soil while the abundance of two key ecological clusters had a larger positive effect on wheat yield in yellow-cinnamon soil.The straw application significantly increased the abundance of Aspergillus,a key microorganism positively correlated with wheat yield in red soil,while significantly decreased the abundance of Bacillus,Burkholderia,and Basidiobolus,which were positively correlated with wheat yield in yellow-cinnamon soil.【Conclusion】The combined effects of straw application,an increase in key microbial abundanc

关 键 词：秸秆还田 细菌-真菌共现网络 关键微生物 酶活性 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]