典型水稻土细菌亚类群—泛化种、特化种的群落构建及功能潜力  

Community Assembly and Functional Potential of Habitat Generalists and Specialists in Typical Paddy Soils

作　　者：刘红涛 胡天龙 王慧 张燕辉 郭世伟[3] 谢祖彬[1] LIU Hongtao;HU Tianlong;WANG Hui;ZHANG Yanhui;GUO Shiwei;XIE Zubin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第2期546-557,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870500);国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110700);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(20)2003)资助。

摘　　要：泛化种和特化种对碳及养分等资源利用存在很大差异,在土壤能量和养分循环中发挥着独特功能。目前农田微生物研究主要针对整个细菌、真菌、古菌或其他功能群落,对农田生态系统细菌泛化种和特化种的认识还很缺乏。因此,为探究典型水稻土细菌泛化种和特化种的群落结构、驱动机制及在氮循环中的功能,根据第二次土壤普查数据,从我国东部(江苏、安徽、上海)和西南部(贵州、云南)采集16个土壤表层样品(0~20 cm),进行理化性质测定和高通量测序,并对获得的数据进行相应的生态学分析。结果表明,在所有的OTUs中,3.28%被归为泛化种,9.07%被归为特化种。泛化种和特化种在门水平的分布模式不同,特化种在绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)中所占的比例高于泛化种。基于β多样性零模型的群落构建分析表明,泛化种与特化种均由确定性过程主导,与特化种相比,泛化种受随机性过程的影响更大。驱动泛化种和特化种群落结构变异的环境因子不同,pH、年均降雨量、黏粒含量、全氮是驱动泛化种群落结构变异的主导因素,而特化种群落结构变异由pH和黏粒含量主导。对泛化种和特化种的共现网络和鲁棒性分析发现,特化种网络联系更多、结构更复杂、鲁棒性更强。FAPROTAX功能预测发现,生物固氮功能主要存在于泛化种中。本研究在细菌亚群落层面研究典型水稻表层土细菌泛化种和特化种的群落结构、环境驱动因子、构建过程、共现网络特性和氮循环相关功能,为稻田细菌群落演变和调控提供了理论依据。【Objective】Great differences exist in the utilization of carbon and nutrients between habitat generalists and specialists,which play unique roles in the cycle of soil energy and nutrients.At present,the research on farmland microorganisms mainly focuses on the whole bacteria,fungi,archaea or other functional communities,and the understanding of habitat generalists and specialists in farmland ecosystems is still lacking.Therefore,this study was designed to explore the community structure,assembly mechanism and possible functions of habitat generalists and specialists in typical paddy soils in eastern and southwestern China.【Method】Sixteen surface soil samples(0-20 cm)were collected from the eastern area(Jiangsu,Anhui,Shanghai)and southwestern area(Guizhou and Yunnan)of China according to the data of the second soil survey,and their physico-chemical properties and next generation high-throughput sequencing were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that 3.28%of all OTUs were classified as habitat generalists while 9.07%as habitat specialists.There were significant differences in species composition between habitat generalists and specialists.At the level of phylum,the proportions of habitat specialists in Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,Nitrospirae,Firmicutes and Planctomycetes were higher than those of habitat generalists.The analysis of the community assembly process based on theβdiversity null model showed that habitat generalists and specialists were dominated by deterministic process.Compared with habitat specialists,habitat generalists were more affected by the stochastic process.The environmental factors driving the community structure variation of habitat generalists and specialists were different.pH,mean annual precipitation,clay content and total nitrogen were the main factors driving the community structure variation of habitat generalists,while the community structure variation of habitat specialists was dominated by pH and clay content.By analyzing the co-occurrence network and robustness of habi

关 键 词：水稻土 泛化种 特化种 生态位宽度 群落构建 共现网络鲁棒性 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学] S154.3[生物学—普通生物学]