离心力和气动力载荷对风力机叶片应变特性的影响  

Influence of centrifugal force and aerodynamic load on strain characteristics of wind turbine blades

作　　者：代元军 郭程 李保华 姜金榜 王聪[2] DAI Yuanjun;GUO Cheng;LI Baohua;JIANG Jinbang;WANG Cong(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;Mechanical College,Shanghai Dianji University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Energy Engineering,Xinjiang Institute of Enginee-ring,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]上海电机学院机械学院,上海201306 [3]新疆工程学院能源工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第6期576-582,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51966018,51466015)。

摘　　要：以小型水平轴风力机为研究对象,基于三维数字散斑相关法(3D-DSCM,3D digital speckle correlation method)对风力机叶片进行了切应变测量.试验主要解决了风力机叶片在高速旋转和高频振动下叶片表面微小形变产生应变难以测量的问题;试验采用高帧率数字散斑法,利用帧率为340帧的相机连续采集叶片运动照片,能得到0.0029 s内叶片位移变化情况,通过位移变化可计算出其应变.测量可靠性高结果表明:叶片结构应变集中区域为距离叶根半径0.7 R处,其应变值超过其他位置9.5%~19.3%;随着离心力载荷、气动力载荷增大,叶片应变都增大,而离心力载荷是引起叶片应变增大的主要因素;叶轮发生共振时,共振策动效应使叶片产生交变应变,其交变循环规律恶化、应变幅值成倍增加;另外,共振策动力在叶根部位产生振源效应,引起叶片应变沿弦展方向逐渐增大.A small horizontal axis wind turbine was taken as the research object,and the shear strain of the wind turbine blades was measured based on the 3D digital speckle correlation method(3D-DSCM,3D digital speckle correlation method).The test mainly solved the problem that the strain ge-nerated by the small deformation of the blade surface which was caused by the wind turbine blade′s high-speed rotation and high-frequency vibration was not conducive to measurement.From the perspective of reliability,the test used a high-frame-rate digital speckle method to continuously collect data from a camera with frame rate of 340 to analyze the out-of-plane displacement of the blade under continuous working conditions.The accuracy of the photo analysis of the out of plane displacement of the blade under continuous working conditions could reach the measurement of the displacement change of the blade within 0.0029 s.The results indicate that the strain concentration area of the blade structure is 0.7 R from the radius of the blade root,and the strain value is 9.5%-19.3%higher than that of other positions.With the increase of centrifugal load and aerodynamic load,blade strain increases,and centrifugal force load is recognized as the main factor causing blade strain increase.The resonant driving effect causes the blade to produce alternating strain,and the alternating cycle law becomes worse as the strain amplitude increases exponentially.In addition,the resonant force produces focal effect at the blade root,which causes the blade strain to increase gradually along the chord stretch direction.

关 键 词：风力机叶片 离心力载荷 气动力载荷 数字散斑相关法 应变 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]