水肥互作对滴灌红枣耗水及产量的影响  

Effects of water and fertilizer interaction on water consumption and yield of jujube under drip irrigation

作　　者：张健利 王振华[1,2,3] 刘茹华 马凯 ZHANG Jianli;WANG Zhenhua;LIU Ruhua;MA Kai(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Corp,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [3]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2023年第6期597-604,613,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：兵团南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2020DB004);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-1)。

摘　　要：探究生物有机肥和灌水量对南疆干旱地区滴灌红枣耗水规律及产量的影响,提出适宜南疆滴灌红枣的最佳水肥(生物有机肥)组合模式.通过田间试验,设置2个灌溉水平(W1:6000 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2:6600 m^(3)/hm^(2)),3个基施施肥水平(S1-S2-S3:1200-1650-2100 kg/hm^(2)),以不施生物有机肥作为对照(W1CK,W2CK),共8个处理.结果表明,同一灌溉水平下,随生物有机肥施用量的增加,红枣耗水量和0~150 cm土壤含水率、土壤有效钾、速效磷、铵态氮质量分数从大到小均表现为S3,S2,S1,CK.相同施肥(生物有机肥)水平下,各生育期红枣耗水量和0~150 cm土壤含水率从大到小均表现为W2,W1,但0~150 cm土壤养分含量从大到小表现为W1,W2,其中W2较W1灌溉水平0~150 cm土壤有效钾、速效磷、铵态氮质量分数分别减少了6.25%,6.43%,2.21%.与处理CK相比,W1和W2灌溉水平下施加生物有机肥产量分别增加了4.65%~19.83%和8.17%~19.08%.各处理对比中,处理W1S3较处理W2CK产量增加了6.21%,且收益高于处理W2CK.基于南疆地区水资源短缺,水肥易于流失的特点,W1灌溉水平下(6000 m^(3)/hm^(2))配施高量生物有机肥(2100 kg/hm^(2))是适宜于南疆干旱地区滴灌红枣的节水高产水肥组合模式.In order to explore the effects of bio-organic fertilizer and irrigation amount on water consumption and yield of red jujube under drip irrigation in arid areas of southern Xinjiang,the best combination mode of water and fertilizer(bio-organic fertilizer)suitable for drip irrigation of jujube in southern Xinjiang was analyzed and put forward.Through field experiments,two irrigation levels(W1:6000 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2:6600 m^(3)/hm^(2)),three basic fertilization levels(S1-S2-S3:1200-1650-2100 kg/hm^(2)),with no bio-organic fertilizer as the control(W1CK,W2CK)were set,for which a total of 8 treatments were analyzed.The results indicated that:under the same irrigation level,with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application,water consumption of jujube,soil moisture content of 0-150 cm,soil available potassium,available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen showed S3>S2>S1>CK.Under the same level of fertilization(bio-organic fertilizer),water consumption of jujube in each growth period and the soil moisture content of 0-150 cm were both shown as W2>W1,but the soil nutrient content of 0-150 cm was shown as W2<W1,and W2 was higher than the irrigation levels of W1,0-150 cm soil available potassium,available phosphorus,and ammonium nitrogen content decreased by 6.25%,6.43%,2.21%,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,the yield of bio-organic fertilizer applied under W1 and W2 irrigation levels increased by 4.65%-19.83%and 8.17%-19.08%,respectively.Compared with W2CK treatment,the yield of W1S3 treatment increased by 6.21%,and the income was higher than that of W2CK treatment.Based on the shortage of water resources in southern Xinjiang and the characteristics of easy loss of water and fertilizer,W1 irrigation level(6000 m^(3)/hm^(2))combined with application of high-volume bio-organic fertilizer(2100 kg/hm^(2))was proved to be a water-saving and high-yield water fertilizer(bio-organic fertilizer)combination model suitable for drip irrigation of jujube in arid areas of southern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：滴灌红枣 生物有机肥 耗水特性 灌溉水平 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S275.6[农业科学—园艺学]