珠江黄茅海河口湾滩槽结构演变及动态平衡研究  

Study on the structural evolution and dynamic balance of the shoal and channel in the Huangmaohai Estuary of the Zhujiang River

作　　者：杨清书 傅林曦 魏稳 贾良文 李博 王恒 黄恩茂 Yang Qingshu;Fu Linxi;Wei Wen;Jia Liangwen;Li Bo;Wang Heng;Huang Enmao(Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research,School of Marine Engineering and Technology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology,Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts,Islands and Reefs,Guangzhou 510275,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519000,China;Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学海洋工程与技术学院河口海岸研究所,广东广州510275 [2]河口水利技术国家地方联合工程实验室,广东广州510275 [3]广东省海岸与岛礁工程技术研究中心,广东广州510275 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海519000 [5]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所,天津300456

出　　处：《海洋学报》2023年第4期68-81,共14页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402600)。

摘　　要：河口湾常由滩、槽地貌系统组合而成,其滩槽结构演变及动态平衡既是河口海岸研究的重要科学问题,又是河口规划治理与港口航道建设的理论基石。本文以黄茅海河口湾为研究靶区,采用“动力−沉积−地貌”的研究思路,基于不同历史年代的海图资料,运用地貌信息熵等分析方法,研究黄茅海河口湾滩槽结构的系统演变特征及动态平衡机制,主要发现包括:(1)黄茅海河口湾半个多世纪以来的地貌演变,大致以2007年为转折点,经历由淤积到冲刷的状态转换,其在1940-2007年呈淤积状态,年均淤积率为1.4cm/a,在2007-2015年呈冲刷状态,年均冲刷率为1.2cm/a。(2)黄茅海河口湾的滩槽结构发生转换,在2003-2007年之间由“三滩两槽”的结构转换为“两滩一槽”的结构,受围垦和疏浚工程影响,滩槽分异趋于加强,呈现浅滩淤浅、深槽刷深的演变特征。(3)黄茅海河口湾地貌信息熵熵值先减后增,从缓慢淤积相对稳定的有序状态向人为干预下冲淤格局变化及滩槽演变的不确定性增加转换;滩槽结构的稳态存在差异,浅滩相对于深槽显示出更高的不确定性。(4)人类活动将滩槽结构的原有稳态打破,疏浚工程使得东槽的活力提升,促进深槽自适应重构平衡向有序方向发展。西滩和东滩经历围垦等人类活动干扰平衡,浅滩失稳呈无序演变。Estuarine bay is a special geomorphological system,which is often charactered with the combination of shoals and channels.Its evolution and shifting balance of shoal-channel structure are not only the frontier hotspots of estuarine and coastal researches,but also the theoretical cornerstone of estuarine management and port waterway construction.Based on the nautical bathymetry data of different historical ages,using geomorphological information entropy and other analytical methods,this paper studies the phylogenetic evolution characteristics and shifting balance mechanism of the shoal-channel structure in Huangmaohai Estuary Bay(HEB),and the main findings include:(1)The geomorphological evolution of HEB has undergone a transition from siltation to erosion during 1940 to 2007.The average annual siltation rate was 1.4 cm/a.From then on,till 2015,the bay had shifted to erosion period and the average annual erosion rate was 1.2 cm/a.(2)The structure of shoal and channel in HEB was converted,and the structure of"three shoals and two channels"was transformed into the structure of"two shoals and one channel"between 2003 and 2007,and the elevation differentiation between shoals and channels tended to be enlarged due to the impact of reclamation in the shallow coasts and dredging projects in channels.As a result,the shallow shoals became shallower and the channels were deeper.(3)The entropy value of geomorphological information of HEB decreased first and then increased,indicating HEB it changed from the relatively stable mode of slow siltation to the abrupt changing mode,in which the uncertainty of the shoal-channel evolution was induced by human intervention;moreover,the steady states of the shoal and channel are different.The shoals showed higher uncertainty than the deep channel.(4)Human activities disturbed the original steady state of the shoal-channel structure,and the dredging project will enhance the vitality of the East Channel and promote the adaptive reconstruction in the deep channel to evolve in an orderly di

关 键 词：黄茅海 滩槽结构演变 地貌信息熵 动态平衡 河口湾 

分 类 号：P343.5[天文地球—水文科学]