挪威海畸形波波形特征研究  

Researches on characteristics of shapes of freak waves in the Norwegian Sea

作　　者：付睿丽 才华艺 陶爱峰[1] 郑金海[1] 王岗[1] Fu Ruili;Cai Huayi;Tao Aifeng;Zheng Jinhai;Wang Gang(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋学报》2023年第4期133-143,共11页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52201319);国家自然科学基金委−山东联合基金重点支持项目(U1906230);中国博士后科学基金(2022M711018);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20220980,BK20220082);江苏省卓越博士后计划(2022ZB169);中央高校基本科研业务费(B220201045)。

摘　　要：畸形波波形与其所处海况特征密切相关。在线性、窄谱假定下,最可能出现的畸形波波形服从“新波”理论,即最大波位于波群中间且其前后相邻波浪对称。然而,实际海浪谱通常是包含多种频率成分的宽谱。目前对实测畸形波及其附近波面形态特征仍缺乏系统认知,对其影响因素尚不明确。本文基于挪威海气象观测站共112个畸形波序列,分析实测畸形波波形及影响因素。研究表明,只有52%的畸形波在波群中间,其余畸形波在波群前侧的概率更高。此外,畸形波前后相邻波浪并不完全对称,其中位于后侧的波幅普遍更大。通过定量分析实测畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论结果,发现谱宽是影响畸形波波形的关键参数。随谱宽增加,畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论得到的波面序列误差呈指数增加。Shapes of freak waves are strongly related to the characteristics of their surrounding sea state.The most probable shape of rogue waves obeys NewWave theory under the narrow band assumption in the linear process.Based on the NewWave theory,the largest wave is located in the center of a wave group and the adjacent waves are symmetrical.However,wide spectral widths containing various frequency components are more common in the ocean.There is still a lack of systematic understanding of the shapes of in-situ measured freak waves and the surrounding waves.Furthermore,key parameters that affect the shapes are not clear.In the present study,shapes of 112 freak waves and the related influence factors from the ocean weather station in the Norwegian Sea are investigated.Merely 52%of freak waves are located in the center of the group,and the possibility of other freak waves occurring towards the front of the wave groups is higher.Besides,shapes of the adjacent prior and following waves of freak waves are asymmetry.Generally,the amplitude of the following wave is larger than that of the preceding one.By quantitatively comparing shapes of the averaged measured rogue waves and based on the NewWave theory,it is found that the spectral width is a key parameter for affecting shapes of freak waves.With the spectral width wider,the difference of profiles of sea surface elevations around the freak waves between the measured and using the NewWave theory is exponentially increasing.

关 键 词：畸形波 挪威海 波形 不对称 谱宽 

分 类 号：TV139.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] P731.22[天文地球—海洋科学]