不同覆膜方式对陇东春玉米土壤水分和产量性状的影响  

Effects of Film Mulching Methods on Soil Moisture of Spring Maize and Yield Traits in Eastern Gansu

作　　者：刘众 王宏凯 郑琪 赵智慧 刘愈之 丁志远 李娜 LIU Zhong;WANG Hongkai;ZHENG Qi;ZHAO Zhihui;LIU Yuzhi;DING Zhiyuan;LI Na(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang Gansu 744000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第7期994-1004,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：2022年陇原青年创新创业人才(团队)项目(2022LQTD06);甘肃平凉国家农业科技园区建设示范项目。

摘　　要：为明确不同覆膜方式对陇东春玉米的土壤水分时空变化及春玉米的农艺及产量性状的影响。设置Aa全膜双垄沟播冬前覆膜、Ab全膜双垄沟播顶凌覆膜、Ac全膜双垄沟播播期覆膜、Ba半膜冬前覆膜、Bb半膜顶凌覆膜5个处理,通过测定0~200 cm土壤水分,探明不同覆膜方式在玉米不同生育期土壤水分时空变化规律。研究表明:5个处理播种期耕层土壤含水量最高,15.99%~21.26%,平均18.81%,Aa、Ab土壤含水量分别达到21.26%、20.33%,较Ac 15.99%增加33%和27.2%,Ba、Bb土壤含水量分别为18.41%和18.04%,低于同时期全膜覆盖,比Ac分别增加15.1%和12.8%。影响土壤水分的因素依次为,覆膜时期>覆膜方式。冬前、顶凌覆膜是旱作玉米蓄水保墒的有效措施且效果显著。苗期各处理耕层土壤含水量最低,土壤含水量处于10.42%~13.95%之间。5个不同覆膜方式与覆膜时期下,播期土壤含水量>苗期土壤含水量>孕穗扬花期土壤含水量>乳熟蜡熟期土壤含水量,5个处理中20~40 cm土层含水量最低,土壤水分递减率表现为:半膜顶凌覆膜>半膜冬前覆膜>播种全覆膜>顶凌全覆膜>冬前全覆膜。Aa 667m^(2)产量969.02 kg,667m^(2)产值1807.2元,667 m^(2)纯收益1129元,较Bb增产22.43%,667 m^(2)增收307.3元,产投比2.17。综上,通过分析不同覆膜方式对陇东春玉米土壤水分和产量性状的影响,揭示了干旱地区全膜双垄沟播技术增产机理。In order to clarify the effects of different film mulching methods on the temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture and the agronomy and yield characteristics of spring maize in the east of Gansu,five treatments were set,which includ Aa,full film mulching on double ridge and furrow before winter,Ab full film on double ridge in spring thaw period,Ac,full film on double ridge and furrow before seeding time,Ba,half film mulching before winter and Bb,half film crown mulch,the temporal and spatial variation law of soil moisture under different film mulching methods at different growth stages of maize was studied by measuring the soil moisture at 0-200 cm.The results showed that the soil moisture content in the plough layer was the highest at the sowing date under the five treatments,reaching 15.99%-21.26%,with an average of 18.81%.The soil moisture content of Aa and Ab reached 21.26%and 20.33%,respectively,which was increased by 33%and 27.2%compared with Ac 15.99%,and the soil moisture content of Ba and Bb were 18.41%and 18.04%,respectively,which was lower than that of full film mulching at the same time,increasing by 15.1%and 12.8%compared with Ac,respectively.The factors affecting soil moisture were as follows:film mulching period>film mulching mode.Film mulching before winter in spring thaw period was an effective measure for water storage and moisture conservation of dryland maize,and the effect was remarkable.The soil moisture content of each treatment at the seedling stage was the lowest,ranging from 10.42%to 13.95%.Under the five different film mulching and film mulching periods,the change in soil moisture content was as follows:the sowing period>seedling stage>booting and flowering stage>milk ripening and wax ripening stages.Among the five treatments,the soil moisture content in the soil layer of 20-40 cm was the lowest,and the decline rate of soil moisture was as follows:half film mulching in spring thaw period>half film mulching before winter>sowing full film mulching>full film mulching before winter>f

关 键 词：春玉米 覆膜方式 土壤水分 产量性状 陇东 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]