氮肥用量和配施硝化抑制剂对柴达木枸杞产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates Combined with Nitrification Inhibitor on Wolfberry Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Qaidam

作　　者：卢九斤 盛海彦[1,3] 华明秀 聂易丰 高亚军 许米聪[1] 魏娇娇 LU Jiujin;SHENG Haiyan;HUA Mingxiu;NIE Yifeng;GAO Yajun;XU Micong;WEI Jiaojiao(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Jinhua Agro-Tech Extension and Seed Management Center,Jinhua Zhejiang 321000,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Natural Resource and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]金华市农业技术推广与种子管理中心,浙江金华321000 [3]青海大学,省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016 [4]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第7期1058-1067,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技厅科技国际合作专项(2020-HZ-805);省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室开放基金(2020-KF-001)。

摘　　要：研究氮肥用量和硝化抑制剂对枸杞产量和氮素平衡等的影响,以期为柴达木地区枸杞科学施氮提供依据。设置8个处理,N_(667)、N_(400)、N_(267)、N_(133)、CK处理分别施用纯氮667(当地农民习惯施氮量)、400、267、133、0 kg/hm^(2),N_(400) I_(2.00)、N_(267) I_(1.33)、N_(133) I_(0.67)处理分别施用纯氮400、267、133 kg/hm^(2)并配施纯氮量0.5%的2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(硝化抑制剂)2.00、1.33、0.67 kg/hm^(2),测定枸杞产量、植株吸氮量和土壤无机氮累积量等指标。结果表明:枸杞产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,配施硝化抑制剂可有效提高枸杞产量。2019年N_(400) I_(2.00)、N_(267) I_(1.33)处理的枸杞产量较N_(400)、N_(267)处理分别增加5.8%、5.0%。两年N_(400) I_(2.00)处理的枸杞产量较N_(667)处理分别增加9.3%和6.7%。枸杞的氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加而降低。N_(400) I_(2.00)~N_(133) I 0.67处理的氮肥偏生产力较N_(667)处理增加8.9~45.1 kg/kg。与农民习惯施氮处理相比,减施氮肥及配施硝化抑制剂显著提高植株及果实吸氮量。N_(400) I_(2.00)处理的植株吸氮量及果实吸氮量最高,较N_(667)处理提高18.5%及12.8%。同等施氮量下硝化抑制剂的施用降低氮素表观损失量。N_(400) I_(2.00)~N_(267) I_(1.33)处理的表观损失量较N_(400)~N_(267)处理降低30.7~44.4 kg/hm^(2)。在农民习惯施氮量的基础上减少40%~60%施氮量可保证较高的枸杞产量及植株氮素吸收量。相同施氮量配施硝化抑制剂可显著提高枸杞植株吸氮量,降低氮素表观损失量。在本试验条件下,以施氮量267~400 kg/hm^(2)同时配施1.33~2.00 kg/hm^(2)的2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶为青海省柴达木地区枸杞生产的适宜施氮组合。Effects of nitrification inhibitor and N fertilizer rate on the yield,N use and N balance of wolfberry were explored for providing a theoretical basis for optimizing N management of wolfberry in Qaidam.A 2-year field study was carried out in Qaidam eight treatments,including N_(667),N_(400),N_(267),N_(133),N_(400) I_(2.00)、N_(267) I_(1.33)、N_(133) I_(0.67) and CK,were set up.In N_(667),N_(400),N_(267),N_(133),CK,the N amount of 667(N application rate used by farmers),400,267,133 and 0 kg/hm^(2) were applied,respectively,and nitrapyrin(nitrification inhibitor)2.00,1.33,0.67 kg/hm^(2) were applied in N_(400) I_(2.00),N_(267) I_(1.33),N_(133) I 0.67,respectively.At the same time,2.00,1.33,0.67 kg/hm^(2)0.5%2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine were applied,respectively in N_(400),N_(267),N_(133) treatments,and then the yield and N uptake of wolfberry and soil N accumulation were measured.The results showed that with increase of N application rate,wolfberry yield increased at first,and then decreased.The wolfberry yield could be improved effectively by the addition of nitrapyrin.The yield of N_(400) I_(2.00) and N_(267) I_(1.33) increased by 5.8%and 5.0%,respectively,compared with N_(400) and N_(267).In contrast to N_(667),the yield of wolfberry with N_(400) I_(2.00) increased by 9.3%and 6.7%in two years.The partial N productivity decreased with increase of N application rate.The partial nitrogen productivity of N_(400) I_(2.00)-N_(133) I 0.67 increased by 8.9-45.1 kg/kg,compared with N_(667).In contrast to the N rate applied by farmers,reducing N fertilizer rate and nitrapyrin addition were beneficial for improving N uptake,especially the N uptake of fruit.Compared with N_(667),N_(400) I_(2.00) maximized the N uptake of fruit,with an increase of 18.5%and 12.8%.With the same N rate,the addition of nitrapyrin significantly reduced the apparent N loss.The apparent loss of N_(400) I_(2.00)-N_(267) I_(1.33) was 30.7-44.4 kg/hm^(2) lower than that of N_(400)-N_(267),respectively.With the conventional treatment as referen

关 键 词：枸杞 氮肥用量 2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶 产量 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]