SiO2纳米颗粒对猪粪好氧堆肥过程中重金属形态分布和细菌群落的影响  

Effect of SiO_(2) Nanoparticles on Speciation Distribution of Heavy Metals and Bacterial Community during Aerobic Composting of Swine Manure

作　　者：江海鸿 王小娟[1] 谷洁[1] 宋籽霖[1] 丁庆玲 魏淑梅 周志鹏 李悦瑄 魏媛 JIANG Haihong;WANG Xiaojuan;GU Jie;SONG Zilin;DING Qingling;WEI Shumei;ZHOU Zhipeng;LI Yuexuan;WEI Yuan(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第7期1078-1089,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2019ZDLNY01-01);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600400);陕西省科技重大专项(2020zdzx03-02-01);陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2020PT-015);陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2019PT-13)。

摘　　要：以猪粪和秸秆为原料,SiO_(2)纳米颗粒(SiO_(2)NPs)为添加剂,研究添加4个浓度梯度下(0、0.5、1.0和2.0 g/kg)SiO_(2)NPs对好氧堆肥过程中腐熟度指标、重金属总量和形态分布规律以及细菌群落的影响,并探讨影响重金属生物利用度的因素。结果表明,添加SiO_(2)NPs提高堆体温度并延长堆肥高温期。与堆肥前相比,堆肥后的pH显著升高,而电导率和C/N显著降低。种子发芽指数由堆肥前的50%升高到堆肥后的163%~182%。添加SiO_(2)NPs有利于重金属组分由生物可利用形态(可交换态和可还原态)向稳定形态(可氧化态和残渣态)转化,Cu和Zn的钝化效率可分别达到65.10%~83.89%和6.62%~27.93%,极显著高于CK处理(分别为52.09%和1.83%,P<0.01)。添加SiO_(2)NPs增加嗜热菌科的丰度,提高总细菌的多样性和丰富度。与Cu相关的优势细菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),与Zn相关的被鉴定为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。偏最小二乘路径模型分析表明Cu的生物利用度受环境因素(C/N和电导率)和细菌的交互作用,而Zn的生物利用度受细菌和温度的直接影响。The swine manure and wheat straw were used as raw materials,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles(SiO_(2)NPs)as additive,the effect of SiO_(2)NPs addition at four levels(0,0.5,1,and 2 g/kg)on maturity index,total amount and morphological distribution of heavy metals,and bacterial community was studied during aerobic composting,and the factors affecting the bioavailability of heavy metals were also discussed.The results showed that the addition of SiO_(2)NPs increased the reactor temperature and prolonged the thermophilic period.Compared with that before composting,the pH increased significantly(P<0.05),while the electrical conductivity and C/N decreased significantly(P<0.05)after composting.The germination index increased from 50%before composting to 163%-182%after composting.The addition of SiO_(2)NPs was conducive to the transformation of heavy metal components from bioavailable form(acid extractable and reducible)to stable form(oxidizable and residual).The passivation efficiencies of Cu and Zn were 65.10%-83.89%,6.62%-27.93%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in CK(52.09%and 1.83%,respectively,P<0.01).The addition of SiO_(2)NPs increased the abundance of thermophilic bacteria,and the diversity and richness of total bacteria.The dominant bacteria related to Cu were Firmicutes,and those related to Zn were identified as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.Partial least squares-path model analysis showed that the bioavailability of Cu was affected by the interaction between environmental factors(C/N and electrical conductivity)and bacteria,while the bioavailability of Zn was directly affected by bacteria and temperature.

关 键 词：SiO_(2)纳米颗粒 猪粪 好氧堆肥 重金属形态 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X713[农业科学—农业基础科学]