不同封顶方式对南疆长绒棉生长及产量性状的影响  

Effects of Different Capping Methods on Growth and Yield Traits of Long Staple Cotton in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：王亮 郭仁松[1] 田立文[1] 王静 林涛[1] 郑子漂 徐海江[1] 吾买尔江·库尔班[2] 金亮[2] 崔建平[1] WANG Liang;GUO Rensong;TIAN Liwen;WNAG Jing;LIN Tao;ZHENG Zipiao;XU Haijiang;Wumaierjiang·Kuerban;JIN Liang;CUI Jianping(Institute of Industrial Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Kuqa Upland Cotton Test Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kuqa Xinjiang 842099,China;Xinjiang Agricultural Radio and Television School,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院库车陆地棉试验站,新疆库车842099 [3]新疆农业广播电视学校,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第6期844-854,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：阿克苏地区科技兴阿项目;自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02009-2);自治区自然科学基金(2020D01B36);自治区农业科技推广与服务项目;国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFD1001003);国家重点研发计划子课题(2020YFD1001005);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201901)。

摘　　要：为研究不同封顶方式对南疆机采长绒棉株型性状、生物量积累及产量性状的调控效应,以机采长绒棉‘新78’为试验材料,在新疆阿瓦提县开展田间小区试验,设置人工打顶(MT)、化学封顶(CT)、缩节胺(DT)和化学封顶(CT)+缩节胺(DT)4个处理,测定并分析不同打顶方式对机采长绒棉农艺性状、生物量积累与分配及产量的影响。结果表明,DT处理株高和主茎节间数显著高于其他处理,株高较MT处理、CT处理和CT+DT处理增加3.91%、4.79%和7.99%,CT+DT处理对株高的抑制效果最强,MT处理和CT处理无显著差异,但DT处理蕾铃脱落数显著增加28.44%~62.60%;与MT处理相比,封顶40 d后DT处理和CT+DT处理叶绿素SPAD值显著降低4.51%和3.30%,生物量积累量则显著减少12.21%和14.86%,DT处理蕾花铃占比最低,分别较MT处理、CT处理和CT+DT处理降低19.87%、21.12%和17.55%;不同封顶方式对上部铃数、单铃质量及籽棉产量存在显著影响,处理间单株结铃数、单铃质量和籽棉产量均呈现为MT>CT>CT+DT>DT处理的变化规律,DT处理单铃质量显著较MT处理和CT处理减少4.13%和3.21%,MT处理和CT处理籽棉产量较DT处理显著增加20.24%和13.27%,而MT处理和CT处理间差异不显著。综上所述,DT处理抑制生物量向生殖生长的转变,减少上部结铃数和单铃质量,不利于产量形成,而CT处理可有效调控长绒棉的生长,有利于蕾花铃的发育及合理分配,且可保证产量与人工打顶无差异,可以起到人工打顶的效果,是南疆长绒棉较为理想的封顶方式。The effects of different capping methods on plant type traits,biomass accumulation and yield traits of machine-harvested long staple cotton were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the application and popularization of chemical capping technology of machine-harvested long staple cotton in southern Xinjiang.Using machine-harvested long staple cotton‘Xin 78’as experimental material,a field experiment was conducted in Awati County of Xinjiang.Artificial topping(MT),chemical topping(CT),spraying DPC on leaf surfaces(DT)and chemical topping(CT)+spraying DPC on leaf surfaces(DT)were designed for the experiment,the effects of different topping methods on agronomic characters,biomass accumulation,distribution and yield of machine-harvested long staple cotton were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the plant height and the number of main stem internodes in DT treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments.and the plant height increased by 3.91%,4.79%and 7.99%compared with MT,CT and CT+DT treatment,respectively.CT+DT treatment had the strongest inhibitory effect on plant height,there was no significant difference between MT and CT treatment,but the number of buds and boll-falling increased significantly by 28.44%-62.60%,respectively.Compared with MT treatment,40 days after topping,the chlorophyll SPAD value of DT and CT+DT treatment decreased significantly by 4.51%and 3.30%,and the biomass accumulation decreased significantly by 12.21%and 14.86%,respectively.The percentage of bud flower and bolls in DT treatment was the lowest,which decreased by 19.87%,21.12%and 17.55%,respectively compared with MT,CT and CT+DT treatment.Different topping methods had significant effects on the number of upper bolls,single boll mass and seed cotton yield.Among different treatments,the number of bolls per plant,single boll mass and seed cotton yield showed the change rule of MT>CT>CT+DT>DT treatment.The single boll mass of DT treatment was significantly reduced by 4.13%and 3.21%,compared with MT an

关 键 词：农艺性状 长绒棉 化学封顶 生物量 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]