甲基营养型芽孢杆菌对基质培黄瓜生长及根际环境的影响  

Effect of Bacillus methylotrophic on Cucumber Production and Rhizosphere Environment in Substrate Culture

作　　者：王菁 马飞 王君正 曹冠西 胡晓辉[1,2] WANG Jing;MA Fei;WANG Junzheng;CAO Guanxi;HU Xiaohui(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第6期899-909,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省创新人才推进计划-科技创新团队项目(2021TD-34);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23-D06);陕西省技术创新引导专项(2021QFY08-03);陕西省重点研发计划(2022ZDLNY03-11)。

摘　　要：探究不同剂量甲基营养型芽孢杆菌对基质培黄瓜生产效果及根际环境的影响,确定菌剂最佳施用量,为微生物菌剂在基质培蔬菜生产中的应用提供理论依据。以‘博耐526’品种黄瓜为供试材料,研究基质栽培方式下灌根施用不同剂量甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(0、1、2、4、6 g/株,分别记为CK、T1、T2、T3、T4)对黄瓜植株形态发育、光合、产量、果实品质和根际环境的影响,并从根际环境和光合作用角度解析其作用机理。结果表明甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可通过改善光合作用和根际环境实现促生增产的作用效果。黄瓜的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和产量均随菌剂用量的增加呈先升后降的变化趋势,在T3处理中有最大值。黄瓜叶片蒸腾速率、净光合速率、气孔导度和果实品质的各项指标最优值出现在T3或T4处理中,其中,游离氨基酸、有机酸和还原糖含量以T3处理最高,分别较CK处理显著提高26.88%、30.67%和16.36%;可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖和维生素C含量以T4处理最高,分别较CK处理显著提高19.93%、23.82%和22.35%。菌剂处理可以显著提高基质中的硝态氮含量,且菌剂处理后第50天时T3处理较CK处理显著提高基质中的脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性。甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可以通过提高基质酶活性与速效养分含量、促进黄瓜光合作用,加速植株对养分的吸收、转运、同化和积累,进而促进有机基质培黄瓜的生长,提高果实品质与产量,其作用效果与菌剂用量及作用时期有关,综合来看,以灌根添加4 g/株甲基营养型芽孢杆菌的处理效果最优。The effects of different inoculation doses of Bacillus methylotrophic on the production and rhizosphere environment of substrate cultured cucumbers were explored and then the optimal dosage of inoculants was determined,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of microbial inoculants in the production of substrate-cultivated vegetables.‘Bonai 526’cucumber was taken as the material,a cultivation experiment was conducted to study the effects of different inoculum doses of Bacillus methylotrophic(0,1,2,4,6 g/plant,recorded as CK,T1,T2,T3 and T4 respectively)on the morphological development,photosynthesis,yield,fruit quality and rhizosphere environment of cucumber plants under substrate cultivation,and the mechanism of action was analyzed from the perspective of rhizosphere environment and photosynthesis.The results showed the photosynthesis and rhizosphere environment of the plants inoculated with Bacillus methylotrophic were significantly improved,and the effect of growth-promoting and yield-increasing was obtained.The chlorophyll content(a,b and a+b)and yield of cucumber plants increased first and then decreased with the increase of the dosage of inoculants,its maximum value was in T3 treatment.Compared with the control plants,the optimal values of photosynthetic parameters(transpiration rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance)and fruit quality indexes of cucumber plants were in T3 or T4 treatments.The contents of free amino acids,organic acids and reducing sugars in the fruits of the plants treated with 4 g/plant Bacillus methylotrophic were the highest,which were significantly increased by 26.88%,30.67%and 16.36%compared with the control plants,respectively.But the contents of soluble protein,total soluble sugar and vitamin C in the fruits of the plants treated with 6 g/plant inoculants were the highest,which were significantly increased by 19.93%,23.82%and 22.35%compared with the control plants,respectively.After addition of Bacillus methylotrophic,the content of nitrate in the subs

关 键 词：甲基营养型芽孢杆菌 有机基质栽培 黄瓜 生产效果 根际环境 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]