西藏4个盐湖卤虫卵的生物学测定值、营养组成和孵化速率分析  

Analysis of Biometrics,Nutritional Composition and Hatching Rate of Artemia Cysts in Four Tibet Salt Lakes

作　　者：邓洪刚 解伟 高美荣 杜国儒 李城 隋丽英 DENG Honggang;XIE Wei;GAO Meirong;DU Guoru;LI Cheng;SUI Liying(Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology(TUST),Ministry of Education,Asian Regional Artemia Reference Center,College of Marine and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin University of Science&Technology,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]海洋资源化学与食品技术教育部重点实验室,亚洲区域卤虫参考中心,天津科技大学海洋与环境学院,天津300457

出　　处：《天津科技大学学报》2023年第3期22-28,44,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Science & Technology

基　　金：农业农村部渔业科技援藏项目“西藏卤虫资源调查研究项目”(125A0604)。

摘　　要：卤虫(Artemia)是西藏盐湖的重要生物资源.本研究旨在探究西藏4个盐湖卤虫卵的生物学特性,为西藏卤虫卵在水产养殖中的有效应用提供参考.本研究对2019―2021年采集的、经低温冷冻去休眠的西藏4个盐湖(其香错、班戈错、拉果错、当穹错)卤虫卵的生物学测定值、营养组成、角黄素含量和孵化速率进行分析.结果表明:班戈错卤虫卵卵径最小(263.6μm),拉果错卤虫卵卵径最大(342.9μm);其香错Ⅰ期无节幼体体长最小(519.6μm),拉果错Ⅰ期无节幼体体长最大(601.1μm).拉果错卤虫卵中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的含量最高(42.49 mg/g),其香错卤虫卵中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量最高(0.96 mg/g),当穹错卤虫无节幼体中角黄素含量最高(1.68 mg/g).4个盐湖卤虫卵开始孵化的时间较晚,达到较高孵化率所需时间较长(28 h),4个盐湖卤虫卵孵化同步性为13.7~14.8 h.综上所述,西藏卤虫卵具有独特的生物学特性,如较大的卵径和较大的Ⅰ期无节幼体体长,其香错、班戈错和拉果错卤虫卵含有较多的EPA和少量DHA,初孵无节幼体在使用时不需要额外的强化,更适用于海水鱼虾幼苗以及特殊发育阶段苗种的培育.Artemia is the main biological resource with highly commercial value in Tibet salt lakes.The purpose of this study was to explore the biological characteristics of Artemia cysts in four salt lakes(i.e.,Kyebxang Co,Bangkog Co,Laykor Co and Tangqung Co)in Tibet,and to provide reference for the effective application of Artemia cysts in Tibet in aquaculture.To this end,this study was conducted to determine the biometrics,nutritional composition,canthaxanthin content and hatching rate of Artemia cysts collected in four salt lakes in Tibet from 2019 to 2021,which were freezed to terminate diapause.The results showed that the cyst diameter of Artemia in Bangkog Co was the smallest(263.6μm)while the cyst diameter of Lagkor Co was the largest(342.9μm);Kyebxang Co had the the smallest length of Instar I nauplii(519.6μm)while that of Lagkor Co had 601.1μm.The eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)content of Lagkor Co Artemia cysts was found to have the highest(42.49 mg/g),and the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)content of Kyebxang Co cysts had the highest(0.96 mg/g).The highest content of canthaxanthin in newly hatched Artemia nauplii in Tangqung Co was found the highest(1.68 mg/g).The hatching time of cysts in four salt lakes was relatively late,and it took a longer time(28 h)to reach a higher hatching rate.The hatching synchronization of Artemia cysts in four salt lakes was 13.7-14.8 h.In summary,Artemia cysts in Tibet salt lakes have unique biological characteristics,such as large cyst diameter and Instar I nauplii body length,which can meet palatability needs of larvaes at special developmental stages.The cysts in Kyebxang Co,Bangkog Co and Lagkor Co contain higher EPA and a small amount of DHA making nauplii need no extra enrichment and therefore a preferable live feed for marine hatcheries.

关 键 词：西藏卤虫 生物学测定值 营养组成 角黄素 孵化速率 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]