执法管理化:法律的组织运作逻辑--基于对违法建筑拆除的个案考察  

Managerialization of Law Enforcement:The Logic of Legal Operation in the Organization:Based on a Case Study of Illegal Building Demolition

作　　者：谭俊[1,2] Jun Tan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学中国法与社会研究院 [2]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2023年第3期100-119,198,共21页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金青年项目“新型城镇化进程中公民城市权利的法理研究”(22CFX008);上海交通大学新进青年教师启动计划(22X010500271)。

摘　　要：虽然公共行政中一直存在法律主义和管理主义的争论,但行政组织如何理解和应用法律却一直未得到足够的关注。行政组织的运作主要是按照管理主义的逻辑,强调通过有效调配组织资源,以实现特定目标;法律的运作主要是遵循法律主义的逻辑,注重的是基于合法/非法作为符码的规范性评价,二者在理论和实践中存在一定的紧张关系。当遇到公共事务中的治理“难点”问题时,需要执法者与管理者共同应对。此时,法律的理念被行政组织所吸收、利用和转变的过程就形成了执法的管理化,具体表现为法律目标、内容、理念、符号和组织方式的管理化。导致执法管理化的原因在于行政对法律的吸纳,包括对法律不确定内容的意义建构、组织分包制对法律的统摄以及管理修辞对法律目的的重构。执法管理化虽然可以提高执法效率和行政组织的正当性水平,但也会导致法律的解构和执法权威的削弱。尽管如此,执法管理化充分体现了我国行政管理和行政执法相融合的方式之一,对于深化行政执法体制改革,协调法律的管理者角色和监管者角色之间的内在紧张,推进行政法学体系转型,提高公共行政管理的法治化水平具有重要启示意义。Although legalism and managerialism have always been debated in public administration,how administrative organizations understand and apply the law has not received enough attention.The operation of an administrative organization mainly follows the logic of managerialism,focusing on the efficiency of achieving specific results;the operation of law mainly follows the logic of legalism,focusing on normative evaluation based on legal/illegal codes.There is tension between managerialism and legalism in theory and practice.When encountering the“difficult”problems of governance in public affairs,it is necessary for both supervisor and administrator of the law to deal with them.As the two approaches come together,legal ideals tend to be shaped by organizational fields in ways that infused with managerial objects,content,ideas,symbols,and methods,which I have named the managerialization of law enforcement.The reason leading to the managerialization of law enforcement lies in the capture of the logic of legalism by the logic of managerialism,including the organizational construction of the legal ambiguity,the organizational dominance of the law by the administrative subcontract,and the organizational absorption of legal purposes by the management rhetoric.Although the managerialization of law enforcement can improve the efficiency of law enforcement and the legitimacy of the organization,it can also lead to the deconstruction of laws and the weakening of law enforcement authority.Nevertheless,the managerialization of law enforcement fully reflects one of the ways of integrating administrative management and administrative law in our country.It is important for deepening the reform of the administrative law enforcement system,coordinating the inherent tension between the roles of supervisor and administrator of the law,and promoting the transformantion of administrative rule of law.

关 键 词：执法管理化 违法建筑 管理主义 法律主义 组织 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]