肠道菌群代谢物在肥胖调控中的作用与机制  

Role and mechanism of intestinal flora metabolites in obesity regulation

作　　者：杨启航 蒲锐 陈子扬 冷思逸 宋永晶[1] 刘辉 杜光友[1] Yang Qihang;Pu Rui;Chen Ziyang;Leng Siyi;Song Yongjing;Liu Hui;Du Guangyou(College of Education and Sports Sciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Hubei Province,China;Human Science Laboratory of Exercise,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Hubei Province,China;Health Science Center,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学教育与体育学院,湖北省荆州市434023 [2]长江大学运动人体科学实验室,湖北省荆州市434023 [3]长江大学医学部,湖北省荆州市434023

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第2期308-314,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82271514),项目负责人:刘辉;教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(17YJA890004),项目负责人:杜光友;湖北省教育厅社科基金重点项目(16D024),项目负责人:杜光友。

摘　　要：背景:肠道菌群与宿主能量平衡和新陈代谢密切相关。肠道菌群代谢物可调控肥胖的发生发展,可成为防治肥胖新靶点。目的:总结肠道菌群与肥胖之间的相互作用,以及对肠道菌群代谢物调控肥胖的具体作用机制进行分析,旨在为肥胖的防治提供参考与依据。方法:以“Intestinal microbiota,intestinal bacteria,intestinal microbiota metabolites,short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,lipopolysaccharide,trimethylamine N-oxide,medium-chain fatty acids,tryptophan derivatives,obesity”和“肠道菌群、肠道细菌、肠道菌群代谢物、短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、脂多糖、氧化三甲胺、中链脂肪酸、色氨酸衍生物、肥胖”为检索词,检索PubMed和中国知网数据库1990-2022年发表的相关文献,根据纳入排除标准选择88篇文献。结果与结论:①肠道菌群与肥胖的发生发展密切相关,如厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比值变化可作为肥胖诊断的生物标记物,并通过短双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和阿克曼氏菌等益生菌定植可延缓肥胖的发生。②肠道菌群主要以肠道菌群代谢物为介导参与对肥胖的调控,如短链脂肪酸可通过调节G蛋白偶联受体41,43和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ等信号通路调控脂肪生成,进而延缓肥胖的发生发展;胆汁酸可通过促进G蛋白偶联受体5和法尼醇X受体的活化,增加胰岛素敏感性和机体组织的能量消耗;此外,脂多糖、氧化三甲胺、中链脂肪酸和色氨酸衍生物还可通过各种信号通路广泛参与肥胖的发生发展。③同一菌群代谢物在调控肥胖具体过程中因其介导的信号通路不同,进而产生异质性作用,在高脂饮食影响下,乙酸可通过诱导副交感神经系统激活,导致食欲亢进和肝脏胰岛素抵抗,进而加速肥胖的生理病程。BACKGROUND:Gut microbiota is closely related to host energy balance and metabolism.The metabolites of intestinal flora can regulate the occurrence and development of obesity and can be a new target for the prevention and treatment of obesity.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the interaction between the intestinal flora and obesity,as well as the specific mechanism underlying regulation of obesity by metabolites of intestinal flora,thereby providing a new reference and basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity.METHODS:“Intestinal microbiota,intestinal bacteria,intestinal microbiota metabolites,short-chain fatty acids,bile acids,ipopolysaccharide,trimethylamine N-oxide,medium-chain fatty acids,tryptophan derivatives,obesity”were used as search terms in Chinese and English.Literature related to obesity from 1990 to 2022 was retrieved in PubMed and CNKI databases.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,88 articles were finally selected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of obesity.For example,changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of obesity,and the occurrence of obesity can be delayed by the colonization of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium breve,Lactobacillus and Akkermansia.Intestinal flora is mainly mediated by the metabolites of intestinal flora to participate in the regulation of obesity.For example,short-chain fatty acid can regulate adipogenesis by regulating signaling pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors 41,43 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,thus delaying the occurrence and development of obesity.Bile acids can increase insulin sensitivity and body energy expenditure by promoting the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 5 and farnesol X receptor.In addition,lipopolysaccharide,trimethylamine oxide,medium-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives are also widely involved in the occurrence and development of obesity through various signaling pathways.Further st

关 键 词：肠道菌群 肥胖 肠道菌群代谢物 短链脂肪酸 胆汁酸 脂多糖 氧化三甲胺 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R364