细胞外囊泡在少肌性肥胖中的作用及机制  

Extracellular vesicles in sarcopenic obesity:roles and mechanisms

作　　者：龙宜 杨佳明 叶花 钟燕彪 王茂源[2,5] Long Yi;Yang Jiaming;Ye Hua;Zhong Yanbiao;Wang Maoyuan(Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi Province,China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi Province,China;Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi Province,China;Ganzhou Intelligent Rehabilitation Technology Innovation Center,Ganzhou 341400,Jiangxi Province,China;Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]赣南医学院,江西省赣州市341000 [2]赣南医学院第一附属医院,江西省赣州市341000 [3]赣南医学院第一附属医院康复医学科,江西省赣州市341000 [4]赣州市智能康复技术创新中心,江西省赣州市341400 [5]赣州市康复医学重点实验室,江西省赣州市341000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2024年第2期315-320,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82060420),项目负责人:王茂源;江西省自然科学基金项目(20212BAB206004),项目负责人:王茂源。

摘　　要：背景:细胞外囊泡可通过参与细胞间通讯调节胰岛素抵抗和抑制炎症反应,同时可以修复骨骼肌,促进骨骼肌再生,有望成为少肌性肥胖的新型治疗方式。目的:探讨细胞外囊泡的生物发生、生物学功能及其与少肌性肥胖的关系,综述当前有关细胞外囊泡在少肌性肥胖的发病机制、诊断和治疗中的最新进展。方法:由第一作者应用计算机在PubMed、Embase和中国知网数据库检索涉及细胞外囊泡在少肌性肥胖中的相关研究,检索关键词为“extracellular vesicle,exosome,sarcopenic obesity,obese sarcopenia,skeletal muscle regeneration,skeletal muscle mass regulation”和“细胞外囊泡、外泌体、少肌性肥胖、肥胖肌少症、骨骼肌再生、骨骼肌质量调节”,检索时间为2022年6-11月,经过筛选后纳入87篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①细胞外囊泡是细胞双向通讯的重要媒介,可通过自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌的方式参与正常生理和病理过程的调节。②少肌性肥胖是复杂的多因素疾病,细胞外囊泡主要通过调节骨骼肌炎症反应和肌细胞平衡稳态参与少肌性疾病的发生发展。③脂肪和骨骼肌分泌的细胞因子通过细胞外囊泡包裹而释放到细胞外循环并发生相互作用,促进骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗和脂肪生成,是少肌性肥胖中骨骼肌发生萎缩的主要病理生理学。④细胞外囊泡不仅通过提供特定的致病标志物促进少肌性肥胖的疾病发展进程,也是少肌性肥胖中具有价值的诊断指标。⑤由于运动期间骨骼肌释放细胞外囊泡增强了新陈代谢反应,促进骨骼肌再生,因此细胞外囊泡可以作为少肌性肥胖的治疗靶点,而且还可通过装载药物有效提高药物的生物利用度的方式,治疗少肌性肥胖。BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles can regulate insulin resistance and control inflammatory response by participating in intercellular communication,while repairing skeletal muscles and promoting skeletal muscle regeneration,which is expected to be a novel treatment modality for sarcopenic obesity.OBJECTIVE:To review the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles,their biological functions,their relationship with sarcopenic obesity,and recent advances in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of sarcopenic obesity.METHODS:The first author performed a computer search of PubMed,Embase,CNKI and other databases for relevant studies involving extracellular vesicle in sarcopenic obesity.The search keywords were“extracellular vesicle,exosome,sarcopenic obesity,obese sarcopenia,skeletal muscle regeneration,skeletal muscle mass regulation”in English and Chinese,respectively.The search period was from June 2022 to November 2022.After screening,87 articles were included for further review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Extracellular vesicles are important vectors of bidirectional cell communication and participate in the regulation of normal physiological and pathological processes through autocrine,paracrine and endocrine ways.Sarcopenic obesity is a complex multi-factor disease.Extracellular vesicles are involved in the occurrence and development of sarcopenic obesity mainly by regulating the inflammatory response of skeletal muscle and the homeostasis of muscle cells.Cytokines secreted by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are released into the extracellular circulation through extracellular vesicle encapsulation and interact with each other to promote skeletal muscle insulin resistance and lipogenesis,which is the main pathophysiology of skeletal muscle atrophy in sarcopenic obesity.Extracellular vesicles not only promote the development of sarcopenic obesity by providing specific pathogenic markers,but also are a valuable diagnostic indicator of sarcopenic obesity.Release of extracellular vesicles from skeletal muscle during ex

关 键 词：细胞外囊泡 外泌体 少肌性肥胖 肥胖肌少症 增龄性脂代谢异常 骨骼肌再生 代谢稳态 炎症 细胞间通讯 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R364