数据主权的演进、挑战与层级治理路径  

Data Sovereignty:Evolution,Challenges,and Classification Governance Approach

作　　者：刘妍 Liu Yan(School of Information Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学信息管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2023年第6期142-152,共11页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“大数据主权安全保障体系建设研究”(21&ZD169)。

摘　　要：数据主权是各国在网络空间新领域中激烈争夺的国家资源,关乎国家安全与人民利益。追溯主权理论,其经历了从威斯特伐利亚主权到网络主权和数据主权的发展历程,在当下数字经济驱动时代背景下面临着主体维度拓宽、保护模式多元、法律形态多层次等治理挑战:互联网数据巨头利用其在数据市场的支配性地位削弱了国家在网络空间的权力,美国、欧盟等国家和地区多元的数据主权政策和巨大的数据体量差异加大了主权治理难度,互联网架构之物理层、逻辑层和内容层的特征差异导致对其治理无法采用统一的逻辑或标准。面向这些多维挑战,应以层级性的数据主权治理思想为指导,分主体规划治理原则、分区域建设治理模式、分层次完善治理框架,构建数据主权的层级规制,在全球数据争夺洪流中有效捍卫中国数据主权安全。Data sovereignty is a national resource fiercely contested by countries in the new field of cyberspace,which is related to national security and people s interests.Tracing back to the sovereignty theory,it has developed from Westphalia sovereignty to network sovereignty and data sovereignty.Under the background of the current digital economy driven era,it is faced with governance challenges such as broadening the subject dimension,diversified protection models,and multi-level legal forms.Internet data giants have used their dominant position in the data market to weaken the country s power in cyberspace.The United States,EU and other countries and regions diversified data sovereignty policies and huge data volume differences have increased the difficulty of sovereign governance.The differences in the characteristics of the physical layer,logical layer and content layer of the Internet architecture led to the inability to adopt unified logic or standards for its governance.Facing these multi-dimensional challenges,we should take the hierarchical data sovereignty governance thought as the guidance,plan the governance principle by subject,build the governance model by region,improve the governance framework by level,build the hierarchical regulation of data sovereignty,and effectively safeguard the security of China s data sovereignty in the flood of global data competition.

关 键 词：数据主权 国家主权 主权风险 主权挑战 层级治理 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]