洞庭湖流域农业面源污染时空分异特征与防治建议  

Spatial-temporal variation of agricultural non-point source pollution emission in Dongting Lake Basin

作　　者：胡光伟 梁业伟[1,2] 庄少奇 马逸岚 冯海丽 张明 HU Guang-wei;LIANG Ye-wei;ZHUANG Shao-qi;MA Yi-lan;FENG Hai-li;ZHANG Ming(School of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Waste Resources,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China;Hunan Planning Institute of Land Resources,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学城市与环境学院,湖南株洲412007 [2]湖南工业大学农牧业废弃物资源化综合利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南株洲412007 [3]湖南省国土资源规划院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《环境生态学》2023年第3期59-65,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目,洞庭湖流域农业面源污染影响因子识别与协同治理机制研究(19YJCZH053);湖南省教育厅一般项目,乡村振兴战略与新型城镇化战略耦合机制与协同治理研究(19C0592);株洲市社科研究课题,株洲市新型城镇化与乡村振兴战略融合与协同机制研究(ZZSK2021043);株洲市科技计划项目,基于EDM模型的现代农业生态节水技术补偿机制研究——以株洲市为例资助。

摘　　要：为深入解析洞庭湖湖区面源污染排放的时空分异特征,为流域面源污染治理提供理论支撑,采用统计分析、GIS空间分析等方法估算湖区25个县(市区)2007—2020年的污染物排放量。结果显示:(1)从时间变化看,2007—2020年湖区化肥施用量(折纯)、农药施用量均呈现出先增长再下降的趋势;生猪、牛的粪尿排泄量占到各类畜禽粪尿排泄量的87.83%,是湖区畜禽粪尿排泄的主要来源。(2)从空间分布看,高强度施肥区主要集中在中部和北部的县(市区);农药投入方面,高农药施用强度(>10 kg/hm^(2))的区域主要集中在湖区中部,与化肥施用强度的空间分布基本保持一致,从数量上看,农药施用强度高于20 kg/hm^(2)的县(市区)数量在减少;湖区的畜禽粪尿排放强度呈现出明显下降趋势,排放强度超过10000 kg/hm^(2)和中排放强度区的县(市区)数量分别减少至4个和2个。In order to deeply analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of surface source pollution emissions in the lake area and provide theoretical support for the management of surface source pollution in the basin,statistical analysis and GIS spatial analysis were used to estimate the pollutant emissions in 25 counties(county-level city,district)in the lake area from 2007 to 2020,and the results showed that:(1)In terms of time changes,the amount of chemical fertilizer application in the lake area between 2007 and 2020 showed a trend of first growth and then decline;pesticide application showed a trend of first growth and then decline;feces and urine excretion of pigs and cattle accounted for 87.83%of all kinds of livestock and poultry feces and urine excretion,and was the main source of livestock and poultry feces and urine excretion in the lake area.(2)In terms of spatial distribution,high-intensity fertilizer application areas are mainly concentrated in the central and northern counties(county-level city,district);in terms of pesticide inputs,areas with high pesticide application intensity(>10 kg/hm^(2))are mainly concentrated in the central part of the lake area,which is basically consistent with the spatial distribution of fertilizer application intensity,and in terms of quantity,the number of counties(county-level city,district)with pesticide application intensity higher than 20 kg/hm^(2)is decreasing;the livestock manure emission intensity in the lake area In terms of quantity,the number of counties(county-level city,district)with pesticide application intensity higher than 20 kg/hm^(2) is decreasing.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 GIS空间分析 时空分异 洞庭湖流域 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]