衰落帝国的“精明无为”:克洛玛事件与20世纪中叶英国的南海政策  

The“Masterly Inactivity”in the Age of Imperial Decline:The Cloma Incident and British South China Sea Policy in the Mid-20th Century

作　　者：赵沁雨 刘金源 Zhao Qinyu;Liu Jinyuan

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院/中国南海研究协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《学海》2023年第3期108-119,共12页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(项目号:20JZD035);江苏省333工程第五期科研项目“英藏南海问题档案文献整理与研究”(项目号:BRA2020032)的阶段性成果;“中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金”(项目号:14370413)资助。

摘　　要：自19世纪后半叶以来,英国作为在远东拥有重要殖民利益的国家,试图在不直接出兵争夺南海岛屿的情况下,与法国、美国等盟友联合,控制南海地区制海权,成为事实上影响南海局势的殖民列强。1956年克洛玛事件的爆发使得南海局势复杂化。为应对此事件,英国外交部经过内部讨论,决定在保留对南沙部分岛屿主权要求的前提下隐藏自身对南海地区的利益诉求,避免南海争端扩大化。克洛玛事件后英国的行动实质上是为了顺应地区局势变化而对其之前南海政策的继承与完善。至此,英国的南海政策大致定型,日后南海纷争再起之时,英国外交家基本沿袭了克洛玛事件后的处置方式。这一时期英国南海政策的调整与完善是在冷战背景下顺应其帝国战略转型、协调远东防务政策、改善中英关系的必然抉择,这反映出在帝国霸权消解过程中英国仍努力捍卫其远东利益的战略意图。Since the second half of the 19th century,Britain,as a country with important strategic interests in the Far East,tried to unite with France,the United States and other allies to control the sea power in the South China Sea without directly occupying islands in the South China Sea.The Cloma Incident in 1956 complicated the situation in the South China Sea.In response to this incident,after internal discussion,the British Foreign Office decided to hide its interest in the South China Sea on the premise of retaining its sovereignty claims over some of the Nansha islands.Through this method,Britain could avoid being involved in the south China Sea disputes which were becoming more and more extensive.The“Masterly Inactivity”policy adopted by Britain after the Cloma Incident was an inevitable choice to coordinate the defense of the Far East and improve Sino-British relations during the Cold War.It also reflected to some extent the strategic intention of Britain to defend its colonial interests in the Far East when its imperial hegemony declined.

关 键 词：克洛玛事件 岛屿争端 英国 南海政策 

分 类 号：D823[政治法律—政治学] D822.356.1[政治法律—外交学]