生物炭施加打结垄沟集雨对土壤水分动态和紫花苜蓿生长特征的影响  

Effects of biochar application and tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting on soil moisture dynamics and growth characteristics of alfalfa

作　　者：赵武成 王小赟 张登奎[1] 周旭姣 赵晓乐 孙元伟 王琦[1] 陈瑾 ZHAO Wu-cheng;WANG Xiao-yun;ZHANG Deng-kui;ZHOU Xu-jiao;ZHAO Xiao-le;SUN Yuan-wei;WANG Qi;CHEN Jin(College of Grassland Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem,Minis-try of Education,Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Dingxi 743000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]定西市水土保持科学研究所,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2023年第2期29-41,共13页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42061050)和(41661059)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究生物炭施加垄沟集雨种植模式对土壤水分时空动态和紫花苜蓿生长特征的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,主区模式为施加生物炭和不施加,副区耕作措施为打结垄、开敞垄和平作,探究不同生物炭施加模式和不同垄沟集雨耕作措施的影响效应。【结果】施加生物炭明显提高了土壤总贮水量和空间水分含量,促进紫花苜蓿生长、提高紫花苜蓿产量和品质;打结垄显著增加土壤贮水量,促进紫花苜蓿生长,提高产量。与不施加生物炭相比较,施加生物炭的0~200 cm土层土壤贮水量、平均土壤含水量、干草产量、株高、分枝数、根颈粗、粗蛋白含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和中性洗涤纤维含量分别增加39.38 mm、15.46%、95 kg/hm^(2)、25.19%、5.80%、29.24%、9.3%、12.3%和3.4%。与平作相比,打结垄的0~200 cm土层平均土壤贮水量、平均紫花苜蓿干草产量、平均株高、分枝数和根颈粗、平均粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量分别增加69.09 mm、332 kg/hm^(2)、24.0%、21.0%、14.2%、17.7%、7.7%和4.0%;开敞垄的分别增加26.16 mm、267 kg/hm^(2)、16.8%、10.2%、10.1%、14.2%、7.3%和3.4%。【结论】生物炭施加坡地打结垄沟集雨模式是雨养农业区紫花苜蓿种植的有效模式,也是雨养农业可持续种植饲草作物的推荐模式,该模式为我国西北黄土高原地区栽培饲草作物提供科学指导和理论依据。【Objective】The study was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar addition and ridge⁃furrow⁃rainwater harvesting on soil moisture dynamics and growth characteristics of alfalfa.【Method】The experiment was set up in a split⁃plot design and replicated three times.The biochar application pattern(biochar and no biochar)was assigned as the main plot,while the ridge⁃furrow⁃rainwater harvesting(open⁃ridging,tie⁃ridging and flat planting)was assigned as the subplot.【Result】The results showed that the biochar application increased soil water storage and soil moisture in 0~200cm depth,improved the growth characteristics,quality and yield of the alfalfa.The tied⁃ridg⁃ing significantly increased soil water storage in 0~200 cm depth,the growth characteristics and yield of alfalfa.Com⁃pared to no biochar application,soil water storage,soil moisture in 0~200 cm depth,alfalfa fodder yield,plant height,number of branches and stem diameter,crude protein content,acid detergent fiber content,and neutral detergent fiber content of biochar application increased by 39.38 mm,15.46%,95 kg/hm^(2),25.19%,5.80%,29.24%,9.3%,12.3%,and 3.4%,respectively.Compared to flat planting,with the tied⁃ridging soil water storage,soil moisture in 0~200 cm depth,alfalfa fodder yield,plant height,number of branches and stem diameter,crude protein content,acid detergent fiber content,and neutral detergent fiber content increased by 69.09 mm,332 kg/hm^(2),24.0%,21.0%,14.2%,17.7%,7.7%,and 4.0%,respectively;with open⁃ridging,the increases of the same parameters were 26.16 mm,267 kg/hm^(2),16.8%,10.2%,10.1%,14.2%,7.3%,and 3.4%,respectively.【Conclusion】According to the results,tied⁃ridging⁃furrow rainwater harvesting with biochar application would be the recommended planting meth⁃ods,which could effectively improve the sustainable cultivation of forage crops in rain⁃fed land.The pattern will pro⁃vide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for growing forage crops in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China.

关 键 词：生物炭 打结垄沟集雨 土壤水分 紫花苜蓿 生长特征 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]