播期和施肥量对陇东地区2种饲用燕麦生产性能和营养品质的影响  

Effects of sowing date and fertilizer amount on pro⁃duction performance and nutritional quality of two forage oats in Longdong Area

作　　者：王亚士 曹宏[2,4] 柴守玺 李茜[2,4] 彭正凯 张述强 WANG Ya-shi;CAO Hong;CHAI Shou-xi;LI Qian;PENG Zheng-kai;ZHANG Shu-qiang(College of Agriculture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Agriculture and Forestry,Longdong University,Qingyang 745000,China;State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Lan-zhou 730070,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Longdong Dryland Crop Germplasm Improvement&In-dustrialization,Qingyang 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]陇东学院农林科技学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [4]陇东旱地作物种质改良及产业化协同创新中心,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2023年第2期75-84,共10页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划(1604NKCM054);甘肃省软科学专项(21CX6ZM106);庆阳市科技支撑计划项目(QY2021A-N002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨陇东地区播期和施肥量对饲用燕麦生产性能和营养品质的影响。【方法】选择早熟燕麦品种边锋和中熟品种梦龙为材料,设早播(4月8日)、中播(4月18日)和晚播(4月28日)3个播期,低施肥量(N 45.75 kg/hm^(2)+P2O531.50 kg/hm^(2))、中施肥量(N 91.50 kg/hm^(2)+P2O563.00 kg/hm^(2))和高施肥量(N 137.25 kg/hm^(2)+P2O594.50 kg/hm^(2))3个施肥量,研究不同播期和施肥量下燕麦草产量及营养品质的变化。【结果】1)2个品种的株高、穗长、小穗数和草产量都随着播期推迟逐渐降低。2)2个品种的粗蛋白含量随着播期推迟和施肥量增加逐渐增加,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量则逐渐降低。3)在播期和施肥量交互作用下,边锋以早播低施肥量的干草产量最高(6500 kg/hm^(2)),梦龙以早播高施肥量的干草产量最高(6506.7 kg/hm^(2))。【结论】在陇东地区以收获饲草为目的的燕麦生产上,不同熟性的品种都以4月上旬播种为宜,其中,早熟品种边锋施肥量以N 45.75 kg/hm^(2)、P2O531.50 kg/hm^(2)较好,中熟品种梦龙以N 137.25 kg/hm^(2)、P2O594.50 kg/hm^(2)较好。【Objective】The study is to explore the effects of sowing date and fertilization amount on the produc⁃tion performance and nutritional quality of forage oats in Longdong area.【Method】Early⁃maturing oat Bianfeng and middle⁃maturing oat Menglong were selected as materials,and the changes of yield and nutritional quality of oat grass under different sowing dates and fertilization rates were studied.Experiment included three sowing dates(early:April 8;middle:April 18;late:April 28)and three fertilizer amounts(Low:N 45.75 kg/hm^(2)+P2O531.50 kg/hm^(2);me⁃dium:N 91.50 kg/hm^(2)+P2O563.00 kg/hm^(2);high:N 137.25 kg/hm^(2)+P2O594.50 kg/hm^(2)).【Result】1)The plant height,spike length,spikelet number and yield of the two varieties gradually decreased with the delay of sowing date.2)The crude protein content of the two varieties gradually increased with the delay of sowing date and the in⁃crease of fertilizer amount,while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber gradually de⁃creased.3)Under the interaction of sowing date and fertilizer amount,Bianfeng had the highest hay yield(6500 kg/hm^(2))with early sowing date and low fertilizer amount,and Menglong had the highest hay yield(6506.7 kg/hm^(2))with early sowing date and high fertilizer amount.【Conclusion】In the production of oats for the purpose of harvesting forage grass in Longdong area,it was appropriate to sow in early April for different varieties with different maturity.N 45.75 kg/hm^(2) and P2O531.50 kg/hm^(2) were the best fertilizer amount for early⁃maturing oat Bianfeng,while N 137.25 kg/hm^(2) and P2O594.50 kg/hm^(2) were the best fertilizer amount for middle⁃maturing oat Menglong.

关 键 词：燕麦 播期 施肥 草产量 营养价值 陇东地区 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]