电-磁-机-声多场边界下的超磁致伸缩Ⅳ型弯张换能器设计方法  

Design of Giant Magnetostrictive ClassⅣFlextensional Transducer Under Electrical-Magnetic-Mechanical-Acoustic Multi-Field Boundaries

作　　者：宁倩 李桥[1] 高兵 赵能桐 罗安[1] Ning Qian;Li Qiao;Gao Bing;Zhao Nengtong;Luo An(National Electric Power Conversion and Control Engineering Technology Research Center Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学国家电能变换与控制工程技术研究中心,长沙410082

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2023年第12期3112-3121,共10页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家重大科研仪器研制项目(52127901);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51837005)资助。

摘　　要：超磁致伸缩Ⅳ型弯张换能器是实现大功率低频水下声波发射的有效途径,在水下远距离探测、水声通信等领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文提出一种综合考虑材料电磁参数极限、空化边界条件以及最大主应力边界条件的大功率低频超磁致伸缩Ⅳ型弯张电声换能器优化设计方法。首先,根据超磁致伸缩材料的电磁参数极限确定振子棒材数量以及磁回路结构;然后,以频率、声源级为优化目标,机械壳体主要结构参数作为优化变量,结合有限元仿真构建基于Box-Behnken法的响应面模型,并把空化边界条件以及最大主应力边界条件作为优化方案的判据,最终得到优化的壳体结构参数;最后,基于优化设计方案,研制了一款超磁致伸缩Ⅳ型弯张换能器样机,并搭建了湖试实验平台。实验测试结果表明,在40 m水深下,研制的换能器样机谐振频率为480 Hz,最大声源级达到206 dB,验证了设计方法的可行性与准确性。ClassⅣgiant magnetostrictive flextensional transducer(GMFT)is an effective equipment to realize high-power and low-frequency underwater acoustic emission,which has broad application prospects in the fields of underwater long-distance detection and communication.However,many parameters and boundaries affect the output performance of GMFT,the electromagnetic parameter limit of giant magnetostrictive material(Terfenol-D),the cavitation boundary of the transducer shell,and the limit stress boundary are important limiting conditions for improving the radiated sound power of ClassⅣGMFT at the target depth.It is necessary to quickly establish the relationship among parameters,output frequency,and sound source level,thereby obtaining the design scheme.Therefore,combined with the finite element design method(FEM)and the Box-Behnken response surface method,an optimization design method of ClassⅣGMFT is proposed considering electrical-magnetic-mechanical-acoustic multi-field boundaries.Firstly,the number of vibrating rods is determined according to the target frequency f0,the target sound source level SL,and the electromagnetic parameter limits of Terfenol-D.Secondly,to reduce the eddy current loss and improve the uniformity of the magnetic field,an efficient magnetic loop structure is designed,and an efficient bar cutting method is proposed.The FEM results show that the mean value increases by 22%,and the non-uniformity decreases by 32%.Thirdly,the range of shell structural parameters is determined according to the magnetic loop structure and cavitation threshold area under the target water depth.Finally,taking the shell semi-minor axis length b,shell thickness e,and shell height h as the optimization variables and frequency and sound source level as the optimization objectives,the Box-Behnken response surface model is built based on FEM.It shows that the frequency increases with the increase of b and e and the decrease of h.When the frequency is within 5%of the target frequency,the sound source level is greater than

关 键 词：磁致伸缩 弯张换能器 优化设计 空化边界 应力极限 

分 类 号：TM271[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB565[电气工程—电工理论与新技术]