水中微塑料的常规与新兴去除工艺的研究进展  

Research Advances in Conventional and Emerging Processes for Removing Microplastics from Water

作　　者：赵宇彤 史俊[1] 刘栓 邓慧萍[1] ZHAO Yutong;SHI Jun;LIU Shuan;DENG Huiping(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《净水技术》2023年第S01期32-39,85,共9页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：上海市“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(20dz1204102)。

摘　　要：近年来,塑料制品的使用量激增,并且由于处置不当不可避免地进入水体中。水环境中存在的微塑料已经逐渐对水生生物和人体健康产生了重大威胁。重要的是,由于其广泛存在且尺寸较小、比表面积较大,表面会积累有害物质,在食物链的相互联系中充当有害污染物的载体。文章详细介绍了水厂中各项水处理工艺(混凝、沉淀、砂滤、颗粒活性炭吸附等)对微塑料的去除效率,发现现有的常规水处理工艺并不能完全去除水中的微塑料,需要强化常规工艺和开发新的技术进一步提高微塑料的去除效率。大量研究证明,通过助凝剂强化混凝、电絮凝技术、生物炭吸附材料和膜技术可以很大程度提高微塑料的去除率。最后,全面总结了磁分离技术、金属-有机框架复合物吸附和高级氧化技术等新兴技术在去除微塑料的应用潜力。Nowadays,the use of plastic products has increased dramatically,and inevitably enter into the water due to improper disposal.The presence of microplastics in the water environment has gradually posed a significant threat to aquatic organisms and human health.Importantly,due to their widespread presence,small size,and large surface area,microplastics can accumulate toxic substances on their surfaces and act as carriers of toxic contaminants in the interconnections of the food chain.This paper comprehensively introduce the removal efficiency of microplastics by various actual water treatment processes in water treatment plants(WTPs)(coagulation,precipitation,sand filtration,granular activated carbon adsorption,etc.).However,existing conventional water treatment processes cannot completely remove microplastics from water,so it is necessary to strengthen conventional processes and develop new technologies to further improve the removal efficiency of microplastics.A large number of studies have proved that the removal efficiency of microplastics can be greatly improved through enhanced coagulation with coagulant aids,electro-flocculation technology,biochar adsorption materials,and new membrane technology.Finally,the new technologies(magnetic separation,metal-organic framework complex adsorption,and advanced oxidation)being investigated in the laboratory are summarized,which have far-reaching application potential in the removal of microplastics.

关 键 词：微塑料 去除效率常规工艺新兴技术机理 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]