基于遥感影像的黄河下游游荡型河段主槽演变特征研究  

Research on the Evolution Characteristics of the Main Channel in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Based on Remote Sensing Images

作　　者：窦明[1,2] 乔若辉 郑钊 李涛 霍光杰 李桂秋[2] DOU Ming;QIAO Ruo-hui;ZHENG Zhao;LI Tao;HUO Guang-jie;LI Gui-qiu(School of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan Province,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan Province,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan Province,China;Henan Institute of Natural Resources Monitoring and Territorial Management,Henan Institute of Natural Resources Monitoring and Territorial Management,Zhengzhou 450016,Henan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利科学与工程学院,河南郑州450001 [2]郑州大学生态与环境学院,河南郑州450001 [3]河南黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450000 [4]河南省自然资源监测和国土整治院,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第6期120-127,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879239);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划项目(21A570008)。

摘　　要：黄河河南段以游荡型河段为主,其水沙变化剧烈、主槽摆动频繁、河床变形严重,对河道生境产生了严重影响。采用Landsat卫星影像,并基于MNDVI水体指数对黄河游荡段30 a水体的河道边界信息进行提取,通过划分不同河段和区域计算不同时期河道主槽形态参数、河道摆动面积、摆动方向、迁移距离等指标,分析游荡段河道摆动的变化特征。结果表明:游荡段主槽水域面积明显减少,并向弯曲河流转变;R2区域是摆动面积最大及平均摆动面积最大的区域;1986-2019年游荡段左岸摆动的总面积为59.9 km^(2),向右岸摆动的总面积为53.3 km^(2),R1和R4段向左岸右岸摆动的面积大致相等,R2段主要向左岸摆动,R3段主要向右岸摆动,游荡段整体有略微向左岸摆动的趋势;R1区域整体略微向南迁移,R2区域整体向北迁移显著,R3整体向南迁移,R4整体略微向西迁移。小浪底水库运用后,进入游荡段水量与水库运用前基本相当,而泥沙主要集中在汛期输送;游荡段河道主槽变化与水流对滩岸土体的冲刷和洪水后的崩坍有关;控导工程对河流有明显的约束作用,R3区域中的部分河段S11、S12缺乏控导工程,河道主槽摆动剧烈。The Henan section of the Yellow River is predominantly a wandering river section,which has a severe impact on the river habitat due to its violent water-sediment changes,frequent main channel oscillations and severe riverbed deformation.This paper uses Landsat satellite images and the MNDVI water body index to extract the river boundary information of 30 a water bodies in the wandering section of the Yellow River.By dividing different river sections and regions and calculating the main channel morphological parameters,river oscillation area,oscillation direction,migration distance and other indicators in different periods,the changing characteristics of river oscillation in the wandering section are analyzed.The results show that:the main channel water area of the wandering section is obviously reduced and transformed to a curved river;the R2 area is the area with the largest oscillation area and the largest average oscillation area;the total area of oscillation to the left bank of the wandering section from 1986 to 2019 is 59.9 km^(2),and the total area of oscillation to the right bank is 53.3 km^(2),the area of oscillation to the left bank and right bank of the R1 and R4 sections is approximately equal,the R2 section mainly oscillates to the left bank R1 and R4 sections oscillate to the left bank and right bank in roughly equal areas,R2 section oscillates mainly to the left bank,R3 section oscillates mainly to the right bank and the wandering section as a whole has a slight tendency to oscillate to the left bank;R1 area as a whole migrates slightly to the south,R2 area as a whole migrates significantly to the north,R3 area as a whole migrates to the south and R4 area as a whole migrates slightly to the west.After the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,the amount of water entering the wandering section is basically the same as before the reservoir operation,while the sediment is mainly transported during the flood season;the change of the main channel of the wandering section is related to the scouring of the bea

关 键 词：游荡型河段 河道主槽形态参数 摆动面积 迁移距离 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P333[天文地球—水文科学] TV882.1[天文地球—地球物理学]