牛粪饲喂蚯蚓废弃物对番茄生长与品质的影响  

Effects of Cow Dung Feeding Earthworm Waste on Growth and Quality of Tomato

作　　者：豆俏俏 黄玉波 李春霞[1] 马任甜 郭媛[1] 寇太记[1] DOU Qiao-qiao;HUANG Yu-bo;LI Chun-xia;MA Ren-tian;GUO Yuan;KOU Tai-ji(Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhoukou 466000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学,河南洛阳471023 [2]周口市农业科学院,河南周口466000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第4期63-68,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：河南科技大学创新团队项目(2015TTD002);国家自然科学基金项目(41601309);周口市科技发展计划项目(2021GG 02090)。

摘　　要：设置化肥(F_(1))、牛粪(F_(2))、5个饲蚓固废用量(F_(3)~F_(7))以及不施肥对照(CK)共8个处理,通过田间小区试验,研究饲蚓固废用量对番茄植株的生长、产量与品质性状的影响,及最适宜的饲蚓固废用量。试验结果表明:相比于化肥处理,施用牛粪与较高饲蚓固废(F_(5)~F_(7))处理能够显著增加番茄的株幅、茎粗和株高,分别显著增加10.9%和13.0%~16.4%的叶片SPAD值,但仅F_(5)~F_(7)处理能够显著增加14.0%~19.4%的番茄产量,过高的饲蚓固废用量反而会降低番茄产量;随着饲蚓固废用量的增加,番茄果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物的含量呈增加的趋势,而可滴定酸含量则呈下降趋势;施用相同牛粪用量的饲蚓固废对番茄产量和品质的改善要优于牛粪和化肥处理,施用牛粪与饲蚓固废能提升番茄果实中氮磷钾的含量,施用饲蚓固废可增加番茄果实中氮、钾含量,但却不利于磷素吸收。综合来看,1.500~1.875 kg/m2的饲蚓固废用量可有助于番茄的优质生产。A field plot experiment was conducted,and eight treatments including no fertilization control(CK),chemical fertilizer(F_(1)),cow dung(F_(2))and five earthworm solid waste dosages(F_(3)~F_(7))were set up to investigate the effects of earthworm solid waste dosage on tomato plant growth,yield and quality traits and its suitable dosage.The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,the application of cow dung and higher earthworm solid waste(F_(5)~F_(7))significantly increased the plant breadth,stem diameter and plant height of tomato,and significantly increased the SPAD value of leaves by 10.9%and 13.0%~16.4%,respectively.However,only a large amount of earthworm solid waste(F_(5)~F_(7))could significantly increase tomato yield by 14.0%~19.4%,and excessive amount of earthworm solid waste would reduce tomato yield.With the increase of solid waste dosage,the contents of vitamin C,soluble protein,soluble sugar and soluble solids in tomato fruit increased significantly,while the content of titratable acid decreased.The application of earthworm solid waste equivalent to cow dung was better than cow dung and chemical fertilizer in improving tomato yield and quality.The application of cow dung and earthworm solid waste could increase the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in tomato fruit,but the application of earthworm solid waste would increase the contents of nitrogen and potassium in tomato fruit,but it was not conducive to phosphorus absorption.On the whole,1.500~1.875 kg/m2 earthworm solid waste dosage was helpful to the high quality production of tomato.

关 键 词：饲蚓废弃物 番茄 品质 农艺性状 有机肥 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]