铁路棚车成件包装货物装卸机作业稳定性分析  

Stability Analysis of Loading and Unloading Machine Operation for Packaged Goods on Railway Box Cars

作　　者：李可佳 王瑶 胡淦 刘飞 史村 LI Kejia;WANG Yao;HU Gan;LIU Fei;SHI Cun(Transportation&Economics Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Transportation Technology R&D Center,Beijing Zhongtieke Traffic&Transport Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司运输及经济研究所,北京100081 [2]北京中铁科客货运输技术有限公司运输技术研发中心,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2023年第6期139-144,共6页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(AJG21Y006)。

摘　　要：我国铁路装卸劳动力不足与货运需求之间的矛盾日益突出,急需研发能够适应成件包装货物装卸工况的自动化装卸设备,满足铁路棚车成件包装货物快装快卸要求。采用现代机械设计方法及计算机仿真技术,设计一种结构简单、操作方便、输送货物顺畅安全、具有灵活移动性能的铁路棚车成件包装货物装卸机。该装卸机具有旋转、伸缩、高度可调功能,既能将皮带机伸长到铁路棚车两端尽头,又能在车厢内灵活换向,能够适应不同工况下铁路成件包装货物装卸作业。针对装载机在不同姿态下装卸作业的稳定性问题,建立倾覆力学模型,并对倾覆力矩进行仿真计算。结果表明,不考虑货物下落冲击时,装载机所有位姿的倾覆力矩为0;考虑货物下落冲击力时,会出现倾覆力矩M>0的情况,需要加装配重增加装卸机作业稳定性。The contradiction between the shortage of railway loading and unloading labor force and the freight transportation demand in China becomes increasingly prominent.Automated loading and unloading equipment that can adapt to packaged goods urgently needs to be developed to meet the requirements of fast loading and unloading of packaged goods on railway box cars.Through modern mechanical design methods and computer simulation technology,a loading and unloading machine with a simple structure,convenient operation,smooth and safe goods transportation,and flexible mobility performance was designed.This machine has the functions such as rotation,telescoping,and adjustable height.It can not only extend the belt conveyor to the ends of the box car but also flexibly change directions inside the carriage,adapting to the loading and unloading of railway packaged goods in different conditions.To address the loader stability in different postures,an overturning mechanical model was built,and the overturning moment was simulated and calculated.The results show that the overturning moment of all positions of the loader is zero without considering the influence of goods falling.If the impact force of goods falling is considered,there may be a situation where the overturning moment M is greater than zero.Thus,it is necessary to add counterweights to improve the operation stability of loading and unloading machines.

关 键 词：铁路 成件货物 装卸机 伸缩皮带机 倾覆力学模型 稳定性 

分 类 号：U294.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]