‘桂味’荔枝一种罕见畸形果田间发生成因初探  

Field Investigation and Analysis of a Rare Abnormal Fruit Occurrence in‘Guiwei’Lychee

作　　者：刘红枫 黄川 陈春帆 陈凤祥 卢美英[2] 陈艳艳 丁峰[3] 卢荣清 李叶清 黎仿文 彭宏祥[4] LIU Hong-feng;HUANG Chuan;CHEN Chun-fan;CHEN Feng-xiang;LU Mei-ying;CHEN Yan-yan;DING Feng;LU Rong-qing;LI Ye-qing;LI Fang-wen;PENG Hong-xiang(Lingshan Agricultural Science Research Institute,Lingshan 535400,Guangxi China;Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi China;Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory,Nanning 530007,Guangxi China;Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agriculural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi China)

机构地区：[1]广西灵山县农业科学研究所,广西灵山535400 [2]广西大学,广西南宁530004 [3]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,广西南宁530007 [4]广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《亚热带植物科学》2023年第2期93-100,共8页Subtropical Plant Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060659);广西县域特色作物灵山荔枝试验站专项(TS202129);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B0202070003);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT124)。

摘　　要：针对广西钦州产区‘桂味’荔枝Litchi chinensis‘Guiwei’果园2022年春季坐果后大量出现罕见的“毛笔尖”状畸形果问题,于2022年4月(谢花时)选择灵山县4个发生畸形果较典型的‘桂味’荔枝果园及1个未发生畸形果对照果园开展田间调查分析,探讨该畸形果形成过程及原因,为荔枝安全使用外源激素促花保果提供参考。调查表明,荔枝畸形果形成从雌花分化柱头伸长即开始异常,后演变成完全无果肉空壳“毛笔尖”状畸形果,这种“毛笔尖”状畸形果不容易脱落且完全丧失商品价值;4个荔枝果园的畸形果株率为94.4%~100.0%,单株畸形果穗率20.0%~24.0%,单穗畸形果粒率60.9%~65.1%,3个指标在4个果园之间差异均不显著。4个果园于控梢促花保果期均使用含苯肽胺酸的“宝赢”产品,其他未使用苯肽胺酸促花保果的对照果园没有畸形果发生。因此,初步认为‘桂味’荔枝在当年气候条件下成花坐果期间对苯肽胺酸比较敏感,能使雌花柱头拉长异常而影响授粉受精和果实发育,最终形成无食用价值的空壳畸形果。In response to the rare“brush tip”shaped abnormal fruit problem that occurred in a large number of‘Guiwei’lychee(Litchi chinensis)orchards in the Qinzhou production area of Guangxi in the spring of 2022,in April(flower withering),four‘Guiwei’lychee orchards occurred abnormal fruits and one control orchard no abnormal fruit in Lingshan County were selected for investigation analysis.The aim was to further analyze and explore the reasons for the abnormal fruit formation,and to provide reference for the safe use of exogenous hormones for promoting flowering and fruit preservation in lychee.The survey results indicated that the formation of abnormal fruit in lychee began from the elongation of the stigma during the female flower differentiation,and then evolved into a completely fleshless and empty shell shaped“brush tip”abnormal fruit.This abnormal fruit was not easy to fall off and completely lost its commercial value;The rate of deformed fruit plants in the four orchards was 94.4%–100.0%,the rate of deformed fruit ears per plant was 20.0%–24.0%,and the rate of deformed fruit grains per ear was 60.9%–65.1%.There was no significant difference in the three indicators among the four lychee orchards.And“Baoying”products containing phenylpeptidylamine acid were used in the four orchards during the shoot control,flower promotion,and fruit preservation period.While the control orchard without use of phenylpeptidylamine acid had any abnormal fruit occurrence.It was preliminarily believed that‘Guiwei’lychee was sensitive to phenylpeptidylamine acid during flowering and fruiting under the climatic conditions of that year,which could cause abnormal elongation of the female flower stigma and affect pollination,fertilization,and fruit development,ultimately forming empty shell deformed fruits without edible value.

关 键 词：‘桂味’ 荔枝 畸形果 苯肽胺酸 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]