阿拉善高原土地砾化特征及监测指标  

Land graveling characteristics and monitoring indicators of the Alxa Plateau

作　　者：温文杰 裴浩 巴根 吴拥军 刘智明 WEN Wenjie;PEI Hao;BA Gen;WU Yongjun;LIU Zhiming(Inner Mongolia Desert Ecological Meteorological Center,Hohhot 010051,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center,Hohhot 010051,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau,Hohhot 010051,Inner Mongolia,China;Alxa League Meteorological Bureau,Alxa League 750306,Inner Mongolia,China;Dongwuzhumuqin Banner Meteorological Bureau,Xilin Gol 026300,Inner Mongolia,China;Siziwang Banner Meteorological Bureau,Ulanqab 011899,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古荒漠生态气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [3]内蒙古气象局,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [4]阿拉善盟气象局,内蒙古阿拉善盟750306 [5]东乌珠穆沁旗气象局,内蒙古锡林郭勒026300 [6]四子王旗气象局,内蒙古乌兰察布011899

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2023年第6期926-936,共11页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0392,2020GG0092);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019MS03028)。

摘　　要：探究阿拉善高原土地砾化地区的地表砾石覆盖度(G_(c)),单位面积地表砾石质量(G_(m)),0~5 cm、5~10 cm土层深度的砾石质量含量[G_(mc)(0~5 cm)、G_(mc)(5~10 cm)]特征及其相关关系,为其砾化土地的监测与评估奠定指标基础。野外采集阿拉善高原土地砾化地区的砾石样品,测定其G_(c)、G_(m)、G_(mc)(0~5 cm)和G_(mc)(5~10 cm)。通过单因素方差分析、邓肯多重比较、一元线性回归和相关性分析,探究阿拉善高原的土地砾化特征。结果表明:(1)阿拉善高原各样地总的G_(c)(G_(m))的平均值为39.49%(3544.04 g·m^(-2))。(2)粒径为4~8 mm和8~16 mm的G_(c)(G_(m))要显著高于其他粒径的G_(c)(G_(m))(P<0.05),且粒径为4~8 mm的G_(c)(G_(m))变异系数最小,最为稳定。(3)阿拉善高原各样地在空间分布格局上呈现出G_(c)和G_(m)由东向西、由南向北逐渐增大的分布规律。(4)不同粒径(总)的G_(m)和G_(c)均呈极显著的一元线性回归关系(P<0.01),G_(m)也可以很好的评价土地砾化程度。并根据G_(c)的砾化程度分级阈值确定了相应的G_(m)的砾化程度分级阈值。(5)除2~4 mm和>32 mm的粒径外,其他粒径的G_(c)、G_(m)与0~5 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性要明显大于与5~10 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性,总的G_(c)、G_(m)与0~5 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性要明显大于与5~10 cm土层内G_(mc)的相关性。(6)确定了砾化土地类型之一的戈壁地表砾石覆盖度阈值为25%。研究结果可为阿拉善高原和其他区域砾化土地的监测和评估奠定指标基础。Foundation data from which to develop indicators to monitor and evaluate the graveling land of the Alxa Plateau is required.To address this,the characteristics of surface gravel coverage(G_(c)),surface gravel mass per unit area(G_(m)),gravel mass content in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths[G_(m)c(0-5 cm),G_(m)c(5-10 cm)],and their relationships in the land graveling areas of the Alxa Plateau were assessed and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance,Duncan multiple comparisons,univariate linear regression,and correlation analysis.The average total G_(c) was 39.49%and the average total G_(m) was 3544.04 g·m^(-2).The G_(c) and G_(m) values at 4-8 and 8-16 mm were significantly higher when compared with the other particle sizes(P<0.05).The coefficients of variation for G_(c) and G_(m) with a particle size of 4-8 mm were the smallest and most stable.The spatial distribution patterns of the G_(c) and G_(m) showed gradual increases from east to west and south to north.Different particle sizes(total)of the G_(m) and G_(c) showed extremely significant linear regression(P<0.01),G_(m) could also be a good evaluation of the land graveling level.According to the classification threshold at the graveling level for G_(c),the corresponding classification for G_(m) was determined.Except for the 2-4 mm and>32 mm particles,the correlations between particle sizes in the G_(c),G_(m),and G_(m)c in the 0-5 cm soil layer were significantly greater when compared with the 5-10 cm soil layer,and the correlations between total G_(c),G_(m),and G_(m)c in the 0-5 cm soil layer were significantly greater when compared with the 5-10 cm soil layer.A surface gravel coverage threshold of 25% was determined for the Gobi,which is a graveling land type.The results of this study provide indicator data on which to base the monitoring and assessment of graveling land in the Alxa Plateau and other regions.

关 键 词：土地砾化 砾石覆盖度 单位面积地表砾石质量 砾石质量含量 阿拉善高原 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]