基于五力模型的中国海洋油气工程产业竞争结构  

The Competition Structure of China’s Offshore Oil and Gas Engineering Industry based on Five-force Model

作　　者：王梦川 陆忠杰 洪子鑫 冯国莉 WANG Mengchuan;LU Zhongjie;HONG Zixin;FENG Guoli(Consulting Center,CNOOC Energy Economics Institute)

机构地区：[1]中国海油集团能源经济研究院咨询评估中心,北京市100010

出　　处：《油气与新能源》2023年第3期24-30,共7页Petroleum and new energy

摘　　要：中国海洋油气工程企业的健康可持续发展面临竞争环境日益复杂、竞合格局灵活多变的新形势。以五力模型作为分析工具,对目前影响中国海洋油气工程产业竞争结构的五种竞争力量,即现有竞争者、潜在的进入者、购买者的议价能力、替代品的威胁、供应商的议价能力进行研究和分析。认为可用“激烈、缓和”两个层次来评价五种竞争力量:属于竞争激烈的是工程技术、跨界型潜在颠覆者、石油公司的直接购买、可再生能源的替代、生产设施供应商;属于竞争缓和的是产品建造、海上安装、相关型潜在竞争者、工程公司分包、工程船舶和材料机具供应商。建议海洋油气工程产业中的在位企业可以通过重新定位隔离竞争、充分合作减缓竞争、创造市场规避竞争等手段来应对五种竞争力量。The healthy and sustainable development of China’s offshore oil and gas engineering enterprises is faced with the new situation of increasingly complex competitive environment and flexible competition and cooperation pattern.Taking the five-force model as the analysis tool,the five competitive forces which are affecting the industrial competition structure of China’s offshore oil and gas engineering are hereby studied,involving the current competitors,potential participants,the bargaining power of buyers,threats from substitutes as well as the bargaining power of suppliers.It is believed that such five forces can be evaluated at two levels,namely“fierce and mild competition”.Engineering,transboundary potential game changers,direct purchases by oil companies,renewable energy alternatives and suppliers of production facilities belong to fierce competition;on the other hand,product construction,offshore installation,related potential competitors,engineering company subcontracting,engineering ships as well as material equipment suppliers belong to mild competition.Therefore,this paper suggests that the incumbent enterprises in the offshore oil and gas engineering industry can cope with the five competitive forces by repositioning and isolating competition,fully cooperating to mitigate competition,and creating markets to avoid competition.

关 键 词：五力模型 海洋油气工程 竞争结构 对策 

分 类 号：TE54[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] F406.11[经济管理—产业经济]