医用钛植入体激光微纹理生物性能研究进展  

Research Progress of Biological Properties of Medical Titanium Implants with Laser Micro Texture

作　　者：张艺嘉 潘永智[1] 王振达 门秀花[1] 付秀丽[1] ZHANG Yi-jia;PAN Yong-zhi;WANG Zhen-da;MEN Xiu-hua;FU Xiu-li(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学机械工程学院,济南250022

出　　处：《表面技术》2023年第6期180-195,共16页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52175408);山东省自然基金重点项目(ZR202011040061);济南市科研带头人工作室项目(2019GXRC054)。

摘　　要：医用钛合金具有强度高、弹性模量低、疲劳性能好、密度最接近人骨等优点,被广泛应用于临床医学牙科和骨移植等领域。目前较常用的医用钛合金表面加工方法包括机械加工、酸蚀、喷砂、等离子喷涂和激光加工等。通过对比分析,激光加工表现出明显优势,与化学或传统物理加工方法相比,采用激光加工医用钛植入体表面具有高效、清洁、准确、柔性等优势。应用各类脉冲激光器,可以在植入体表面加工特定的表面纹理和纹理组合,改善植入体的生物相容性。归纳了植入体表面纹理对植入环境的影响,表面纹理形状、粗糙度和润湿性等表面特性直接影响细胞组织的黏附、生长和增殖,对细胞生长具有接触导向作用。通过调控激光通量、脉冲频率、扫描速度和脉冲宽度等激光参量可对表面纹理的规则性、准确性、尺寸、氧化程度等特征产生不同影响,进而影响医用钛植入体的表面微观形貌、粗糙度、硬度和润湿性,使其在生物环境中获得更好的服役性能。通过激光加工获得的理想医用钛植入体表面可有效避免植入体表面细菌的滋生,降低发病率,提高植入成功率。经激光加工后,医用钛植入体表面会出现不同程度的裂纹,导致在服役过程中植入体表面产生的摩擦碎屑对植入体环境造成不良影响。通过综述以上各方面的研究进展可知,随着超短脉冲激光技术的发展和新型医用植入体材料β钛合金制备技术与工艺的完善,经激光加工后植入体将获得更理想的表面特性和服役性能。Compared with common medical implants such as stainless steel and Co-Cr alloy,medical titanium alloy is widely used in clinical medicine,dentistry,bone transplantation and other medical fields because of its significant advantages such as high strength,low elastic modulus,good fatigue performance and density closest to that of human bone.At present,the commonly used surface processing methods of medical titanium alloy mainly include:machining,acid etching,sand blasting,plasma spraying and laser processing.Compared with chemical or traditional physical processing methods,laser processing of medical titanium implant surface has the advantages of high efficiency,cleanness,accuracy and flexibility,and can obtain complex surface morphology unable to be obtained by traditional processing methods.At present,the lasers used in the surface treatment of titanium implants are mainly pulse lasers,including nanosecond lasers,femtosecond lasers and picosecond lasers.Various kinds of pulse lasers can be used to process specific surface textures and texture combinations on the surface of medical titanium implants to improve the biocompatibility of implants.Laser parameters have a direct impact on the surface processing effect of implants.By adjusting laser parameters such as laser flux,pulse frequency,scanning speed and pulse width,it will have different effects on the regularity,accuracy,size and oxidation degree of the processed surface texture,and then affect the surface micro morphology,roughness,hardness and wettability of medical titanium implants,making it possible to obtain the biological environment for the needs of implants.The surface characteristics of implants have a contact guiding effect on cell growth.The surface characteristics such as surface texture shape,surface roughness and wettability directly affect the adhesion,growth and proliferation of cell tissues.The results show that the cells on the texture surface of the implant have higher cell activity,the cells prefer to grow in the sharp corners and depressio

关 键 词：医用钛合金 激光加工 表面纹理 表面改性 钛植入体 生物相容性 

分 类 号：TG665[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]