两种油溶性离子液体与进口添加剂的摩擦学性能对比  

Comparison of Tribological Performance between Two Oil-soluble Ionic Liquids and Imported Additives

作　　者：李飞舟 杨朝钊 郭便 梁依经 周康[3] 吕会英 范丰奇 黄卿 于强亮[2] 蔡美荣[2] 周峰[2] LI Fei-zhou;YANG Zhao-zhao;GUO Bian;LIANG Yi-jing;ZHOU Kang;LYU Hui-ying;FAN Feng-qi;HUANG Qing;YU Qiang-liang;CAI Mei-rong;ZHOU Feng(College of Mechanical Engineering,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Shaanxi Baoji 721016,China;State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;PetroChina Lanzhou Lubricating Oil R&D Institute,Lanzhou 730060,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院机械工程学院,陕西宝鸡721016 [2]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]中国石油兰州润滑油研究开发中心,兰州730060

出　　处：《表面技术》2023年第6期223-234,共12页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075524);陕西省教育厅项目(21Jk0482);研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX22ZD07)。

摘　　要：目的对比研究合成的油溶性离子液体(IL)N/P、P/P与传统极压抗磨添加剂IR 349、IR 353和FM 3606对85W/90 GL-5齿轮油摩擦学性能的影响。方法以IL和传统极压抗磨剂为添加剂,加剂量为1%,在85W/90基础上制备5种润滑剂,空白样85W/90作为对照,通过同步热分析仪测试其热分解温度,采用点面往复摩擦形式在SRV-Ⅳ摩擦机上对其减摩抗磨性能进行研究,采用四球摩擦机测试其极压承载能力。通过环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)、三维轮廓扫描仪、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对各润滑剂润滑后对应的磨斑进行微观形貌表征并对其元素组成进行分析。结果IL的加入在很大程度上提高了85W/90的热分解温度。在50℃条件下,含有IL添加剂的齿轮油表现出更为优异的减摩抗磨性能,在150℃条件下,含IL添加剂的齿轮油与含传统极压抗磨剂的齿轮油抗磨性能相当,而前者减摩性能更为优异。极压承载能力测试表明,所合成的IL在一定程度上改善了85W/90的油膜强度。根据XPS分析结果推测,IL添加剂在外界应力(热应力、机械应力)下分解后,与金属表面反应并生成具有良好润滑效果的边界薄膜。结论2种油溶性IL可明显改善齿轮油的摩擦学性能,可部分替代一系列进口添加剂,为后续进一步发展绿色、高性能润滑添加剂提供了一定思路,但IL的润滑机制仍值得深入探讨。It is a new type of green oil-soluble ionic liquid(IL)lubricating additive.By regulating the structure of IL and studying the mechanism of its structure on physicochemical properties and tribological performance,it can improve the performance of gear oil such as thermal stability,anti-friction and anti-wear performance and extreme pressure carrying capacity in an environment-friendly condition.The work aims to study the physicochemical properties and tribological performance of two oil-soluble ILs as additives for 85W/90 GL-5 heavy-duty automotive gear oil and make a comparison among the three imported additives.The ammonium salt of diisooctyl cetyl trioctyl phosphate and the phosphonium salt of diisooctyl cetyl trioctyl phosphate N/P(P/P)were synthesized.Equimolar N88816 Br(P88816 Br)and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate were mixed with an excess of NaOH and then added into an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol at room temperature.The resulting solution was stirred at 85℃for 48-72 h.The solution was cooled and the solvent was removed by spinning at the end of the reaction.Subsequently,the above liquid was added with petroleum ether for dissolution,washed 3 times with water,and poured into a separatory funnel to stratify fully.The supernatant was collected and dried overnight,and the solvent in it was removed by filtering off the sodium sulfate under reduced pressure to give the clear yellowish liquid N/P(clear colorless liquid P/P).The purity and molecular weight of the two prepared oil-soluble ILs were characterized by high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.It was used as 85W/90 additive,and the dosage was 1%,and the tribological performance was tested and compared with gear oils containing three imported additives IRGALUBE 349,IRGALUBE 353 and FM 3606.Tribological tests were performed by ball-disk point contact,with the upper specimen being a 10 mm diameter AISI 52100 steel ball and the lower specimen being a 24 mm diameter AISI 52100 steel disk with a thickness of 7.9 mm,both with a hardn

关 键 词：油溶性离子液体 润滑添加剂 85W/90 GL-5齿轮油 热稳定性 减摩抗磨 润滑机理 

分 类 号：TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]