美国国家公园乡土建筑风格起源与定型  

Origins and Stereotypes of the National Park Rustic Architecture in the United States

作　　者：邓牧云 郑小东[1] 段威[1] DENG Muyun;ZHENG Xiaodong;DUAN Wei

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《新建筑》2023年第3期111-116,共6页New Architecture

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金青年项目(8194070)。

摘　　要：美国国家公园自成立之初,就一直在探索符合公园荒野气质的建筑风格。从早期的军队营房、西进运动中铁路公司建设的酒店,一直到国家公园管理局建设的服务建筑,建设者们或向欧洲的山地与乡村建筑借鉴经验,或从美洲的本土印第安建筑汲取灵感,努力寻找荒野的“正确形式”。在美国风景园林师协会的指导下,国家公园管理局将混合了欧洲经验与本土特色的一种全新的乡土风格确立为官方的设计风格,并基于此原则,于20世纪上半叶进行了大量建设。这种国家公园所特有的乡土建筑风格被后人称为“国家公园建筑学”。研究这些与自然紧密结合的建筑的起因、发展和特征,可以为我国的国家公园建设提供借鉴和参考。Since the beginning of the establishment of national parks in the United States,the builders had been exploring the architectural styles that conform to the park's wilderness.From military barracks,hotels built by the railway companies during the Westward Movement,to service buildings built by the National Park Service,the builders kept looking for the“right form”by learning from the experience of European mountain and rural buildings,or drawing inspiration from Native American Indian buildings.Under the guidance of the American Society of Landscape Architects,the NPS established a new rustic style mixing European experience and local characteristics as the official design principle,and kept building in this style in the first half of the 20th century.This unique rustic style was called“Parkitecture”.These rustic buildings closely integrated with nature survived to this day,providing excellent models for the subsequent national park construction and architectural design in natural environment.

关 键 词：美国国家公园 荒野 乡土建筑 建筑风格 国家公园建筑学 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]