唐苏同家族墓出土陶质彩绘天王俑胎体的科学分析  

Study on the bodies of polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tombs of Su Tong’s family

作　　者：黄河 赵占锐[3] 于春雷 吴晨 赵西晨 张亚旭 赵星 王丽琴[1,2] HUANG He;ZHAO Zhanrui;YU Chunlei;WU Chen;ZHAO Xichen;ZHANG Yaxu;ZHAO Xing;WANG Liqin(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an,710127,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University),Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Institute of Archaeology and Conservation on Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710068,China;Key Scientific Research Base of On-site Conservation(Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Archaeological Conservation(Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology),Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127 [2]文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北大学),陕西西安710127 [3]陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安710054 [4]西安市文物保护考古研究院,陕西西安710068 [5]考古发掘现场文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地(陕西省考古研究院),陕西西安710054 [6]陕西省考古现场文物保护重点实验室(陕西省考古研究院),陕西西安710054

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第3期35-42,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(XM00001110)资助;西北大学研究生创新项目(CX2023086)资助。

摘　　要：2021年4月,陕西咸阳唐右千牛备身苏同家族墓出土了几尊装饰精美的天王俑,但俑身外壁红黑不均、胎体中心及内部泛黑,其力学性能极差、遇水崩解。为了科学地修复保护天王俑,本研究对彩绘天王俑胎体的材质和烧制工艺进行了科学分析。利用X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、同步热分析仪、热膨胀仪和X射线光电子能谱仪、万能材料试验机、邵氏硬度计等仪器对天王俑陶胎残块的组成、结构、烧制温度和力学性能进行了分析测定。实验结果表明:天王俑陶胎是以易熔黏土作为原料,含石英、钠长石、碳酸钙、白云母、绿泥石等矿物;胎体在300~400℃的氧化性气氛下烧制而成,内部烧结程度低于外表面,气氛不匀导致胎体各部分颜色有差异;天王俑陶胎体力学强度低,抗弯强度约为2 MPa,硬度54~71 HD。该研究为彩绘天王俑及同类文物的有效保护和合理保存提供了科学依据。In April 2021,several exquisitely decorated figurines of Heavenly Kings were unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tombs of Su Tong’s family in Xianyang,Shanxi Province.However,for each figurine,the outer side was unevenly red and black,and the center and interior of the body black,and the mechanical properties extremely poor(disintegrated by water).To scientifically restore and conserve the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings,we carried out scientific analyses of their materials and their firing process.The composition,structure,firing temperature and mechanical properties of the figurine remnants were determined and analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,an X-ray diffractometer,a simultaneous thermal analyzer,a thermal dilatometer,an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,a universal testing machine and a hardness tester.The experimental results show that 1)the figurines were made of fusible clay containing quartz,albite,calcite,muscovite,clinochlore and other minerals;2)the figurines were sintered between 300~400℃in an oxidizing atmosphere,the internal sintering degree being lower than that of the external surface and the uneven atmosphere leading to the differences in color among various parts of a figurine;3)the mechanical strength of the figurines was low,with a flexural strength of about 2 MPa and a hardness of 54~71 HD.The study provides a scientific basis for the effective conservation and reasonable preservation of the polychrome pottery figurines of Heavenly Kings and of other similar kinds of cultural relics.

关 键 词：陶俑 组成分析 烧制工艺 力学性能 唐代 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]