基于倾斜摄影测量的三维景观指数构建——以山东田横岛为例  

Construction of 3D landscape indices based on tilt photogrammetry:A case study of Tianheng Island in Shandong Province

作　　者：王珏 郭振 张志卫 徐文学 许昊[2] WANG Jue;GUO Zhen;ZHANG Zhiwei;XU Wenxue;XU Hao(Coastal Science and Marine Policy Center,First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;College of Geodesy and Geomatics,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所海岸带科学与海洋发展战略研究中心,青岛266061 [2]山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院,青岛266590

出　　处：《自然资源遥感》2023年第2期112-121,共10页Remote Sensing for Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“海岸带人工构筑物物质存量的量构特征、时空演变规律及调控对策研究”(编号:42171292);外交部亚洲专项资金项目“海洋空间规划产品研发”(编号:WJ0922011);中国海洋发展基金会国际合作项目“中泰海洋空间规划合作研究”(编号:B19029)共同资助。

摘　　要：景观指数是用以反映景观生态结构的组成和空间配置特征的定量指标。当前的景观指数体系普遍建立在对二维空间特性的表征上,评价结果难以准确反映真实三维景观系统的格局与构成,亟需一套描述海岛三维景观特征的指标体系及全过程评价方法。以山东省田横岛为例,基于无人机倾斜摄影测量点云,采用深度学习方法进行点云分类处理,构建了一套涵盖类型及景观尺度的6个三维景观基础指标用以定量化描述海岛三维景观特征,并建立了评价人类建设活动对海岛生态系统影响程度的建筑物景观指数。结果表明:基于三维景观基础指标分析,田横岛建筑物三维体量较低且空间分布较为密集,高大植被类型具有较高的隔离度、规律性和空间聚集性,低矮的植被类型则多样性、紧凑性和连通性更大;由于存在维度差异,三维景观指数比二维景观指数包含了更多的空间信息且受地面起伏影响程度较大;同一景观类型下,形状指数TLSI对于高度变化更为灵敏(灵敏度指数为7.480);同一景观指数下,建筑物类型较空间特征不规律的植被变化更大(灵敏度指数为5.861),且受建筑物设计特征的影响;田横岛三维建筑物指数TBI为0.523,其大小随着建筑物的愈加密集、复杂而增加,较建筑物密度指数和空间拥堵指数可更好表达人工构筑物对海岛三维景观格局特征的影响程度。研究旨在为基于现代测绘技术支持下的三维景观指数构建、发展三维空间景观规划与管理评价体系提供方法学支撑和案例研究。Landscape indices are quantitative indices used to reflect the composition and spatial configuration of a landscape ecological structure.Current landscape index systems are generally constructed based on the characterization of 2D spatial characteristics,thus their evaluation results fail to accurately reflect the pattern and composition of a real 3D landscape system.Accordingly,there is an urgent need to develop an index system used to describe the 3D landscape characteristics of islands and a whole-process evaluation method.With Tianheng Island in Shandong Province as a case study and based on the point clouds of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)tilt photogrammetry,as well as the classification and processing of point clouds using the deep learning method,this study constructed six basic 3D landscape indices covering type and landscape scales to quantitatively describe the 3D landscape features of the island.Moreover,this study established the building landscape indices to evaluate the impacts of the construction activities of human beings on the island ecosystem.The results are as follows:①As revealed by the analysis of basic 3D landscape indices,the buildings on Tianheng Island are characterized by small 3D volumes and dense spatial distribution.Furthermore,tall vegetation exhibits high isolation,regularity,and spatial aggregation,while low vegetation exhibits high diversity,compactness,and connectivity;②Due to the difference in dimension,3D landscape indices contain more spatial information than 2D landscape indices and are greatly affected by terrain undulation;③In the case of the same landscape type,the landscape shape index(TLSI)is more sensitive to the change in height(sensitivity index:7.480).In the case of the same landscape index,the building type changes more greatly than vegetation with irregular spatial characteristics(sensitivity index:5.861)and is influenced by the design characteristics of buildings;④Tianheng Island has a 3D building index(TBI)of 0.523,which increases with an increase in the

关 键 词：三维景观指数 倾斜摄影测量 建筑物景观指数 海岛 三维景观格局 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P901[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]