宁夏地区荷斯坦泌乳牛健康性状影响因素分析  

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Wellness Traits in Holstein Lactating Cows in Ningxia

作　　者：张俊星 张海亮[2] 韩丽云 马燕芬 温万 周佳敏 田佳 路婷婷 马云 王雅春[2] ZHANG Junxing;ZHANG Hailiang;HAN Liyun;MA Yanfen;WEN Wan;ZHOU Jiamin;TIAN Jia;LU Tingting;MA Yun;WANG Yachun(Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction of MARA,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Ningxia Nongken Dairy Industry Co.Ltd.,Yinchuan 750021,China;The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Station,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川750021 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室畜禽育种国家工程实验室,北京100193 [3]宁夏农垦乳业股份有限公司,银川750021 [4]宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站,银川750021

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2023年第6期2389-2401,共13页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2022BBF02017,2021BEF01001);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36)。

摘　　要：旨在探究宁夏地区荷斯坦泌乳牛健康问题发生的群体规律,分析风险因子对健康性状的影响。本研究收集并整理了宁夏地区13个规模化牧场2015—2021年间产犊的58549头泌乳牛的产犊和健康记录,采用UpSet程序和Spearman相关性分析方法揭示了不同健康问题之间的相关,利用Logistic回归模型分析了胎次、产犊季节、产犊难易评分等因素对6类健康性状的影响。研究结果表明,在宁夏地区的泌乳牛中,乳房健康和繁殖障碍在泌乳牛健康记录中占比较高,占比分别达29.97%和28.95%;产后前60 d是泌乳牛发生健康问题的关键阶段;随着胎次的增加,乳房健康、消化障碍、代谢障碍的发生率均逐渐升高,而繁殖障碍的发生率呈先下降后上升的趋势,2胎牛的发生率最低;健康问题之间表型相关性均较弱;风险因子Logistic分析发现,胎次、产犊季节和产犊难易评分对泌乳牛部分健康性状存在显著影响;春、夏季产犊的奶牛,代谢障碍的发生风险较高,秋、冬季产犊的奶牛,乳房健康和繁殖障碍的发生风险较高;难产母牛的代谢障碍和繁殖障碍的发生风险显著高于顺产母牛(1.30~1.82倍)。基于大规模牛群健康记录,本研究发现繁殖障碍和乳房健康是宁夏地区泌乳牛的关键健康问题,各类健康问题具有弱的表型相关,胎次、产犊季节和产犊难易评分均为泌乳牛健康性状的风险因子,研究结果为规模化牧场管理牛群健康问题提供参考,为奶牛健康性状的研究和选育提供理论依据。The aim of this study was to investigate the population patterns of health events in Holstein lactating cows in Ningxia,and analyze the effect of risk factors on wellness traits.(Method)Calving and health records of 58549 lactating cows calving between 2015 to 2021 were collected from 13 herds in Ningxia.The correlation between health events were analyzed using the UpSet program and the Spearman correlation analysis.In addition,Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effects of risk factors on health events,such as parity,calving season and calving ease score.(Result)The results showed that udder health and reproductive disorders accounted for a large proportion of the health events of lactating cows,at 29.97%and 28.95%,respectively.The first 60 days after calving was a critical period for health events in lactating cows.As the parities increased,the incidence of udder health,digestive disorders and metabolic disorders all gradually increased,while the incidence of reproductive disorders tended to first decrease and then increase,with the lowest incidence in 2-parturient cows.In the phenotypic correlation analysis,the correlations between the different health events were all weak.Logistic analysis of risk factors found significant effects of parity,calving season and calving ease score on selected wellness traits in lactating cows.The risk of metabolic disorders was higher in cows that calved in spring and summer,the risk of udder health and reproductive disorders was higher in cows that calved in autumn and winter.And the risk of metabolic and reproductive disorders was increased by 1.30-1.82 times,respectively,for assisted at calving comparing to cows unassisted.(Conclusion)Based on large-scale herd data,this study identified reproductive disorders and udder health are key health events for lactating cows in Ningxia,the various health events have weak phenotypic correlations,parity,calving season and calving ease score were all risk factors for wellness traits.The results provided a reference for ma

关 键 词：荷斯坦牛 健康性状 繁殖障碍 乳房健康 代谢障碍 风险因子 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]