植物精油对产气荚膜梭菌感染肉仔鸡肠道损伤、肠道菌群CAZy谱和eggNOG通路的影响  

Effects of Essential Oils on Gut Lesions,Carbohydrate Active Enzymes Spectrum and eggNOG Pathways of Intestinal Flora in Broilers Challenged with Clostridium perfringens

作　　者：姜美涵 魏金涛[2] 呙于明[3] 郭双双[1] 杜恩存 JIANG Meihan;WEI Jintao;GUO Yuming;GUO Shuangshuang;DU Encun(Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding,Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉430023 [2]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064 [3]中国农业大学动物科技学院动物营养与饲料科学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2023年第6期2448-2457,共10页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32102579);动物营养学国家重点实验室开放课题(2004DA125184F1901);动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室开放课题(KLAEMB-2020-02);湖北省自然科学基金一般面上项目(2021CFB559);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBA054)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究日粮中添加植物精油对产气荚膜梭菌感染肉仔鸡肠道损伤、肠道菌群CAZy谱和eggNOG通路的影响。选取112只1日龄雄性爱拔益加(Arbor Acre)肉仔鸡,随机分为2组,每组7个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组(Ctrl)饲喂基础日粮,精油组(EO)在基础日粮中添加120 mg·kg^(-1)的植物精油(活性成分为香芹酚和百里香酚),所有肉仔鸡14~20 d连续每天灌服新鲜培养的产气荚膜梭菌菌液,试验第21天屠宰取样。观察肠道整体损伤程度进行肠道损伤评分,并采集回肠食糜进行宏基因组测序分析。结果显示:日粮中添加植物精油显著降低了肉仔鸡的肠道损伤评分(P<0.05);显著升高了回肠菌群碳水化合物活性酶数据库(carbohydrate-Active Enzymes,CAZy)第二层级以及EC层级大部分基因的丰度(q<0.05),其中糖基转移酶类的占比最高;改变了回肠微生物同源蛋白基因组的构成,普遍降低了直系同源蛋白分组比对数据库(evolutionary genealogy of genes:Non-supervised Orthologous Groups,eggNOG)第二层级以及直系同源群(Orthologous Group,OG)层级基因的丰度(q<0.05),且多数基因为细菌毒力相关基因,如Catalyzes_the synthesis of GMP from XMP、DsbA和dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase。上述结果表明,日粮中添加植物精油缓解了产气荚膜梭菌感染引起的肠道损伤,可能与调控肠道菌群碳水化合物酶和毒力相关基因的丰度有关。The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental essential oils on gut lesions,CAZy spectrum and eggNOG pathways of intestinal flora in broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens.(Methods)A total of 1121-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly divided into two groups:Ctrl and EO Control group(Ctrl)and Essential Oil group(EO).Each group had 7 replicates and each replicate had 8 chicks.The broilers in group Ctrl were fed the basal diet,while the broilers in group EO were fed diet supplemented with 120 mg·kg^(-1) of essential oils(comprised of carvacrol and thymol).All broilers were challenged with C.perfringens during d 14 to 20 and.The broilers were sacrificed on d 21.The overall intestinal injury degree was opened and observed for intestinal lesion score,and the ileal content was collected for metagenomic next-generation sequencing analysis.The results showed that the supplementation of EO significantly alleviated the gut lesions(P<0.05).The abundance of most ileal bacterial genes were increased significantly at the second level and the EC level of the carbohydrate active enzymes(CAZy)database(q<0.05)in which the proportion of glycosyltransferases was the highest.The addition of EO remarkably influenced the composition of homologous protein genomes of ileal bacteria,and the relative abundance of genes were generally reduced(q<0.05)at the second level and the orthologous group(OG)level of the eggNOG database(evolutionary genetics of genes:Non superior Orthologous Groups).In addition,most of the reduced genes were bacterial virulence related genes,such as Catalyzes_the synthesis of GMP from XMP,DsbA and dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase.The above results indicated that,dietary supplementation of EO alleviated the gut lesions caused by Clostridium perfringens,which could be related to the regulation of the abundance of carbohydrate active enzymes and virulence-related genes of the intestinal flora.

关 键 词：坏死性肠炎 宏基因组 碳水化合物活性酶 毒力 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]