我国高等教育发展的动力机制分析:基于高校、政府、市场和社会开放系统的实证研究  

The Dynamic Mechanism of Higher Education in China:An Empirical Study based on the Open System of Universities,Governments,Markets and Society

作　　者：黄榕[1,2] 顾元媛 Huang Rong;Gu Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]江苏省教育科学研究院,南京210013 [2]江苏省高等教育学会,南京210024 [3]南京审计大学经济学院,南京210029

出　　处：《江苏高教》2023年第6期40-49,共10页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“地方政府行为影响公共服务质量的机理”(2BJL085);教育部人文社会科学项目“金融资源错配对企业自主创新的影响机理与对策研究”(19YJA790017);2020年江苏教育改革发展战略性与政策性研究课题“现代化教育强省建设的战略重点、实施策略与路径研究”。

摘　　要：高等教育发展受内外两种力量影响,内部力量是指高等教育内在逻辑力量,外部力量来源于政府、市场和社会,实证研究中高等教育发展的代理变量及其影响因素千差万别。文章在区域高等教育发展水平测度量表基础上,以38个指标和2006-2020年间的省级数据测算中国高等教育大众化阶段以来的发展水平,并分解为高等教育要素、能力和功能的不同表现。动态面板模型回归的广义矩估计(GMM)证实了由高校、政府、市场和社会开放系统共同构成的高等教育动力机制:在内部力量上,高等教育发展的当前状况取决于过去高等教育的要素积累和能力实现,但高等教育功能的发挥并没有滞后效应;在外部力量上,市场力量对高等教育既有正向推力,也有负向拉力,社会力量制约了高等教育发展,地方政府力量对高等教育有挤出效应。从影响机制来看,高等教育自身和第三产业形成促进发展的存量增量效应;高等教育对城镇化水平、政府投入、交通投入、固定资产投资等形成路径依赖效应,一定程度上制约了自身发展;信息通信和科技投入对高等教育发展形成利弊并存的合作竞争效应。The development of higher education is influenced by both internal and external forces.The internal logical force of higher education is an important internal influence,and the external influence is formed by the market,society and government.However,relevant proxy variables and influencing factors vary greatly in empirical research.On the basis of a 3-dimensional measurement scale of regional higher education development level,this paper calculates the development level of China's higher education since the popularization stage with 38 indicators and provincial data from 2006 to 2020,decomposed it into different manifestations of elements,capabilities and functions.The GMM estimation of dynamic panel model regression confirms the dynamic mechanism of higher education is composed of the universities,government,market and society:in terms of internal forces,the current situation of higher education development depends on the accumulation of elements and the realization of capabilities of higher education in the past,and the exertion of higher education functions will not impact.In terms of external forces,market forces have both a positive push and a negative pull on higher education;social forces restrict the development of higher education,while local government forces have a crowding out effect.From the perspective of impact mechanism,higher education itself and the tertiary industry form the stock increment effect to promote the development of higher education;urbanization,government investment,transportation investment and fixed asset investment form a path dependent effect,which restricts the development of higher education;both the information and communications technology development(ICT)and the science and technology investment form a cooperative and competitive effect,which has both advantages and disadvantages for the development of higher education.

关 键 词：高等教育 动力机制 教育水平评价 广义矩估计 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]