太湖西山岛河流秋季沉积物氮、磷特征及其对水质的响应  

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sediments and Their Responding to the Overlying Water in Xishan Island in Autumn

作　　者：华跃洲 杜成栋 何尚卫 李清濯 李勇[1,2,5] 潘继征 HUA Yue-zhou;DU Cheng-dong;HE Shang-wei;LI Qing-zhuo;LI Yong;PAN Ji-zheng(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215011,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering of Jiangsu Province,Suzhou 215011,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology/State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Foshan Nanhai Environmental Research Institute,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Foshan 528200,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215011 [2]江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室,江苏苏州215011 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所/湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]佛山市南海区苏州科技大学环境研究院,广东佛山528200

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2023年第6期734-740,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07204);江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心项目;江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BK20220014)。

摘　　要：入湖河流沉积物营养盐的释放制约了河流与太湖水环境的改善。因目前对太湖岛上入湖河流沉积物氮、磷特征及其对水质的响应研究较少,笔者于2020年10月采集西山岛15个代表点位的沉积物样品并测定了其氮、磷含量,进行沉积物对不同初始浓度氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、磷酸盐(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)的吸附-解吸模拟实验;研究各点位沉积物对水质的响应,确定了需水质管控与沉积物疏浚的点位。结果表明,西山岛河流沉积物总氮、总磷平均含量分别为8.97和2.90 g·kg^(-1);沉积物活性氮、磷平均含量分别为3.77和1.29 g·kg^(-1),存在较高的氮、磷释放风险。根据模拟实验结果,7个点位的沉积物NH_(4)^(+)-N和9个点位的沉积物PO_(4)^(3-)-P处于解吸状态,磷的解吸现象更为严重。通过研究入湖河流沉积物对太湖水环境的影响发现,为维持太湖水环境的稳定,点位CZ1、CZ5在原位水质下仅需进行外源管控,点位CZ4的沉积物需进行疏浚或原位覆盖,其他点位需进行水质改善与沉积物疏浚的综合整治。The nutrient release in the sediments of Xishan Island became the restriction on water quality improvement in Taihu Lake.Little efforts has been made to study the pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments and their responding to the overlying waters in Xishan Island.Fifteen representative sections were chosen and sampled in the autumn of 2020(CZ1-CZ6,CX1-CX3,CX1-CX6),and the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments were determined.The adsorption-desorption experiments were developed under different initial ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)concentrations.The responses to the overlying water were studied to determine the dredged points.The results indicat that the average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 8.97 and 2.90 g·kg^(-1),respectively.The average concentrations of reactive nitrogen and phosphorus were 3.77 and 1.29 g·kg^(-1),respectively,which showed that the sediments in Xishan Island got higher risk of potential nitrogen and phosphorus releases.According to the results of simulation experiments,the sediments in seven points were dominated by NH_(4)^(+)-N desorption,and the sediments in nine points were dominated by PO_(4)^(3-)-P desorption.In order to maintain the stability of the water environment of Taihu Lake,the exterior pollution should be merely controlled for CZ1 and CZ2.The sediment in CZ4 needs to be dredged and measures should be taken to improve the conditions of waters and sediments in other points.

关 键 词：西山岛 入湖河流 沉积物 活性氮磷 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]