基于鱼类生物完整性指数的曹娥江流域水生态系统健康评价  

A Fish-based Index of Biotic Integrity for the Health Assessment of Aqua-ecological System in Cao′e River

作　　者：蒋孝燕 陈超 冯志政 金叶飞[1] 杨庆满 任岗[1,4] JIANG Xiao-yan;CHEN Chao;FENG Zhi-zheng;JIN Ye-fei;YANG Qing-man;REN Gang(School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000,China;Jiangnan Middle School of Ningbo,Ningbo 315800,China;Shaoxing Fisheries Technical Extension Center,Shaoxing 312000,China;Administrative Committee of Jianhu Nationsl Wetland Park of Shaoxing in Zhejiang Province,Shaoxing 312036,China)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院生命与环境科学学院,浙江绍兴312000 [2]宁波市江南中学,浙江宁波315800 [3]绍兴市水产技术推广中心,浙江绍兴312000 [4]浙江绍兴鉴湖国家湿地公园管理委员会,浙江绍兴312036

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2023年第6期767-773,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：绍兴市水政渔业执法局曹娥江鱼类生物完整性评价体系构建及应用课题(2017)。

摘　　要：2016—2018年对曹娥江干流以及主要支流的9个采样点进行鱼类调查,构建曹娥江鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)体系,评价曹娥江流域水生态系统的健康状况。共采集到鱼类标本17116尾,分属12目25科69属107种。从种类组成与丰度、营养结构、环境耐受性、繁殖共位群、鱼类数量与健康状况5个属性的23个候选指标中筛选出鲤形目鱼类种类数(M3)、中下层鱼类物种数占比(M9)、敏感性鱼类个体数占比(M15)、借助贝类产卵鱼类物种数占比(M19)4个指标作为计算曹娥江流域F-IBI的核心指标,建立具有诊断意义的鱼类生物完整性评分标准,并对曹娥江流域9个采样点的鱼类生物完整性状况进行了评价。结果表明,曹娥江流域不同采样点中干流的健康状况等级为“极差~差”到“一般”,支流为“一般”到“好”。水质污染、水利设施阻挡和过度捕捞是造成曹娥江干流水生态系统健康水平较低的重要因素,而水利设施则可能是造成支流长诏健康水平较低的重要因素。To assess the health status of aqua-system of Cao′e River,fish resources in nine sampling points in the main stream and tributaries of Cao′e River were investigated from 2016 to 2018,and the fish-based index of biotic integrity(F-IBI)was established.A total number of 17116 individuals of fishes were collected,which belonged to 12 orders,25 families,69 genera and 107 species.Twenty-three candidate indices in five properties,including species composition and richness,nutritional structure,environmental tolerance,reproductive colocation group,fish quantity and health status,were proposed to develop the F-IBI.The results of data analysis show that four indices,i.e.species number of Cypriniformes(M3),ratio of species number in middle and lower layer(M9),ratio of sensitive fish individuals(M15)and ratio of species number spawned eggs in Mollusca(M19),were screened out as the core indices.Meanwhile,the scoring standard with diagnostic significance for fish biotic integrity was established and successfully used to evaluate the health statuses of nine sampling points in Cao′e River basin.The results show that the health statuses of the nine sampling points along the main stream were in"very poor-poor"to"normal"levels,while those of the tributaries were in"normal"to"good"levels,indicating that the health statuses of the tributaries were better that those of the main stream.The results suggest that,water pollution,obstruction of water conservancy projects and overfishing might be the important factors causing the lower health statuses of the main stream of Cao′e River,and water conservancy projects might be the important factor causing the lower health status of the main tributary Changzhao.

关 键 词：曹娥江 鱼类 生物完整性指数 河流健康评价 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]