长期棉花秸秆还田和施用有机肥对棉田土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响  

Effects of long-term cotton straw return and application of manure on soil nutrients and enzyme activity in cotton fields

作　　者：郭振威 李永山[1,2,4] 王慧 陈梦妮[1,2,4] 范巧兰 杨娜 席吉龙 张建诚[1,2,4] GUO Zhenwei;LI Yongshan;WANG Hui;CHEN Mengni;FAN Qiaolan;YANG Na;XI Jilong;ZHANG Jiancheng(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;Cotton Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Yuncheng 044000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Yuncheng Cooperation Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuncheng 044000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室,太原030031 [2]山西农业大学棉花研究所,运城044000 [3]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801 [4]运城市农业科学合作研究院,运城044000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第6期877-884,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200102)资助。

摘　　要：为探究长期棉花秸秆还田和施用有机肥对连作棉田土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响,本研究依托山西农业科学院棉花研究所始于2007年牛家凹棉花长期定位试验,设置了氮磷化肥+秸秆清茬(NP)、氮磷化肥+秸秆还田(NPS)、氮磷化肥+有机肥(NPM)及氮磷化肥+秸秆还田+有机肥(NPSM)共4个处理,测定不同处理在棉花不同生育期对土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响,并对两者之间的关系进行了探究。结果表明:与处理NP相比,处理NPS、NPM和NPSM的棉花产量分别显著增加10.23%、11.10%和26.22%(P<0.05)。处理NPSM对土壤养分含量提升幅度最大,与同期处理NP相比,全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷含量分别显著提高48.76%~60.18%、91.23%~112.18%、140.63%~229.17%、35.86%~60.54%和146.92%~483.34%(P<0.05),均达显著水平。同样,处理NPSM明显提高了土壤的酶活性,与同期的处理NP相比,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性分别显著提高118.50%~151.84%、76.81%~93.11%、30.53%~41.33%和83.41%~129.32%(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,土壤养分含量的增加会促进酶活性的提升。因此,长期秸秆还田配施有机肥后可显著提高连作棉田产量,增加土壤的养分含量,提升土壤中酶活性,从而达到优化土壤结构、提升土壤肥力的目的。Incorporation of straw and manure into soil plays an important role in nutrient management,maintenance of crop productivity,and improvement of soil quality.An experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of long-term cotton straw returning and manure application on soil nutrient and enzyme activities in continuous cropping cotton fields,and to provide scientific evidence for cotton straw returning and manure application.The experiment relied on a long-term experiment(since 2007)in an agricultural system conducted by the Niujiawa Cotton Agroecosystem Experimental Station of the Cotton Research Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Four treatments were established on the base of application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,namely straw stubble removal(NP),straw returning(NPS),manure application(NPM),and straw returning+manure application(NPSM).The cotton yields of the treatments of NPS,NPM,and NPSM significantly increased by 10.23%,11.10%,and 26.22%(P<0.05),respectively,compared with that of the NP treatment.The contents of soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,and available phosphorus in the NPSM treatment significantly increased by 48.76%–60.18%,91.23%–112.18%,140.63%–229.17%,35.86%–60.54%,and 146.92%–483.34%(P<0.05),compared with those of the NP treatment,respectively.NPSM treatment significantly increased soil enzymes activities(P<0.05):urease activity by 118.50%–151.84%,phosphatase activity by 76.81%–93.11%,catalase activity by 30.53%–41.33%,and invertase activity by 83.41%–129.32%,compared with those of the NP treatment.There were significant positive correlations between soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity.Therefore,long-term straw return with manure application can significantly increase cotton yield,nutrient content,and enzyme activity for soil fertility improvement in continuously cropped cotton fields.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 有机肥 连作棉田 养分含量 酶活性 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]