典型铅锌企业周边农田重金属富集植物筛选  

Screening of accumulating plants in farmland surrounding typical lead and zinc smelting enterprises

作　　者：何孟轲 郭俊娒 杨俊兴[1,2] 郑国砥 陈同斌[1,2] 孟晓飞 李玉峰[1,2] 刘杰 HE Mengke;GUO Junmei;YANG Junxing;ZHENG Guodi;CHEN Tongbin;MENG Xiaofei;LI Yufeng;LIU Jie(Center for Environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Jinzhong 030600,China;College of Bioscience and Resources Environment,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,晋中030600 [4]北京农学院生物与资源环境学院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第6期954-966,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(4227071531);国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFC1802604);人才培养质量建设-高水平人才交叉培养计划-实培计划项目(PXM2020_014207_000009);中国科学院大学生创新实践训练计划(20224000892)资助。

摘　　要：为探究有色金属企业周边农田重金属污染状况,筛选修复与安全利用优势植物,本研究在河南省济源市某铅锌冶炼企业周边农田开展调查,探明研究区土壤重金属污染特征,并选用17种重金属富集植物,开展田间试验,比较其生物量及重金属含量、富集系数、提取量及去除率等,建立适合研究区的土壤重金属污染植物修复技术模式。结果表明,试验区土壤镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)存在超标情况,超标率Cd>Pb,污染物主要分布在0~20 cm耕作层,属典型的轻、中度Cd、Pb污染农田土壤。试验区主要农产品小麦籽粒Cd、Pb超标率为100%,部分样品As超标,玉米籽粒符合标准。17种富集植物生物量和对重金属的富集能力差异较大,籽粒苋生物量最高,达29598 kg·hm^(-2),是遏蓝菜的46.61倍,体内重金属Cd、Pb、As含量分别为2.90~30.90 mg·kg^(-1)、7.81~93.07 mg·kg^(-1)、3.76~22.90 mg·kg^(-1)。不同植物对土壤中重金属的去除率存在明显差异,籽粒苋、冬油菜‘中油千斤旱’、向日葵‘S606’表现出良好的Cd、Pb提取修复潜力,对土壤中Cd的去除率均高于1.90%。此外,油菜和向日葵可进一步加工生产食用油、饲料或有机肥料,实现边修复边生产,应用前景较好。在研究区采用籽粒苋-冬油菜轮作和向日葵单作两种修复模式均能达到较高的修复效果,具备一定的推广应用潜力。As one of the most important lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)smelting production bases in China,the heavy metal content in the farmland surrounding the enterprises in Jiyuan City of Henan Province seriously exceeded the national standard due to the backward technology and large pollutant discharge.In order to explore the characteristics of heavy metal contamination in farmland around Pb and Zn smelting enterprises in Jiyuan City,select the dominant plants for remediation and safe utilization of heavy metal-contaminated farmland,and establish a preliminary remediation model,field experiments were conducted on farmland surrounding Pb and Zn smelting enterprises in Jiyuan City.The study included investigating the characteristics of cadmium(Cd),Pb,and arsenic(As)pollution in soil,analyzing the heavy metal content in main agricultural products,selecting 17 kinds of heavy metal-accumulating plants for field cultivation,and studying their biomass,heavy metal contents,bioconcentration factor,extraction amount,and remediation efficiency.The results showed that the average content of Cd,Pb,and As in soil was 2.22 mg·kg^(-1),173.1 mg·kg^(-1)and 18.38 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,which were mainly distributed in the cultivated layer.Among them,the content of Cd and Pb exceeded the risk screening values in the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils(GB 15618—2018),and the single factor pollution index reached 3.71 and 1.02,respectively.In terms of the wheat and maize cultivated on the contaminated farmland,the content of Cd,Pb,and As in maize seeds did not exceed the values in the National Food Safety Standards(GB 2762—2022),but the Cd and Pb content in wheat seeds exceeded the standards,while the exceeding rates both reached 100%.In plant cultivation experiments,the biomass and heavy metal enrichment capacities of the 17 kinds of accumulating plants differed significantly.The biomass of Amaranthus hypochondriacus was the highest,reaching 29598 kg·hm^(-2),which was 46.61 times that of Noccaea caerulescens(635 kg·hm^(-2)).The content

关 键 词：重金属 土壤污染 富集植物 修复能力 修复模式 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]