湘西苗族木构民居室内火灾蔓延规律分析  

Analysis on the indoor fire spreading law of Miao’s wooden residential buildings in western Hunan

作　　者：林翔 李哲 刘哲政 Lin Xiang;Li Zhe;Liu Zhezheng(Central South University,School of Architecture and Art,Changsha Hunan 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学建筑与艺术学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《山西建筑》2023年第13期194-198,共5页Shanxi Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目:湘西地区传统民居现代适应性更新技术体系研究(项目批准号:52078484)。

摘　　要：在田野调查的基础上,以湘西苗族传统木构民居为研究对象,运用PyroSim软件建立“吞口屋”火灾模型,进行火灾模拟,从火灾蔓延情况、室内温度变化、气体浓度和烟气离地高度4个方面展开分析,以期明晰湘西苗族木构民居在火灾情况下的火势及燃烧产物的蔓延情况,并推断出人员适宜疏散时间。出于逃生的需求,从堂屋的情况判断民居在火灾条件下人员的安全性。模拟结果显示,火势在120 s时已经呈现出由东侧屋烧至堂屋的现象,此时出口处的温度已经达到180℃,CO体积浓度达到6×10^(-3),氧气体积浓度下降至16%,烟气高度降至离地1.3 m。基于模拟得出结论,出于对安全性的考虑,人员脱离民居火灾场所的安全时间应当控制在120 s内。On the basis of field investigation,taking the traditional wooden houses of the Miao people in the western part of Hunan as the research object,the fire model of the“swallowing house”was established by using PyroSim software,and the fire simulation was carried out,and the four aspects of fire spread,indoor temperature change,gas concentration and smoke height from the ground were analyzed,in order to clarify the fire situation and the spread of combustion products of the Miao wooden houses in the western part of Hunan under the fire situation,and to infer the suitable evacuation time of personnel.For the need to escape,the safety of people in the house under fire conditions is judged from the situation of the hall.The simulation results show that the fire trend from the east house to the hall house in 120 seconds,at this time,the temperature at the outlet has reached 180℃,the CO density has reached 6×10^(-3),the oxygen density has dropped to 16%,and the height of the flue gas has dropped to 1.3 m above the ground.Based on the simulation,it is concluded that for safety considerations,the safety time for personnel to leave the residential fire site should be controlled within 120 seconds.

关 键 词：木构民居 火灾产物 PyroSim 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]