接菌剂对水稻秸秆和白菜尾菜混合堆肥进程及细菌多样性的影响  

Effects of Inoculants on the Composting Process and Bacterial Diversity of Rice Straw and Cabbage Tail

作　　者：郭鹏博 温雪 张方政 张伟 徐一鸣 洪艳华[1,2] 马金柱 魏丹[4] 王伟东 Guo Pengbo;Wen Xue;Zhang Fangzheng;Zhang Wei;Xu Yiming;Hong Yanhua;Ma Jinzhu;Wei Dan;Wang Weidong(Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-waste in Cold Region/College of Life Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing163319;Key Laboratory of Green and Low Carbon Agriculture in Northeast Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Water Affairs and Environmental Protection Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Water Company;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省寒区环境微生物与农业废弃物资源化利用重点实验室/黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,大庆163319 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室 [3]大庆油田水务公司水务环保研究院 [4]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2023年第3期87-94,共8页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2019C047);黑龙江八一农垦大学三纵计划基金(ZDZX202105)。

摘　　要：接种秸秆分解菌剂强化秸秆降解效果是生产上普遍采用的人工强化措施,水稻秸秆和白菜尾菜是两种特征不同的农业有机固体废弃物,将二者混合堆肥发酵会通过营养互补提高处理效果。以收获后风干水稻秸秆和白菜尾菜为混合原料(二者质量比7∶3)进行堆肥试验,研究接种秸秆分解菌剂(接种量5%,体积比)对堆肥过程的影响,通过高通量测序技术分析堆肥化过程中细菌多样性动态变化。结果表明,添加秸秆分解菌剂处理(T1)与不接菌对照(CK)相比,堆体的高温期长6 d,发芽指数(GI)提升9.0%。堆肥结束时,物料的全氮、全钾含量显著提升至1.39%和2.15%(P<0.05)。TI高温期与降温期丰富度大于10%的优势细菌属分别为纤维杆菌属(Fibrobacter)、Demequina。CK高温期丰富度大于10%的优势细菌属为假黄单胞杆菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)、螯合球菌属(Chelatococcus),降温期丰富度最高的优势细菌属为高温双岐菌属(Thermobifida)。添加秸秆分解菌剂能够提升物料养分含量,促进物料腐熟,并且提高堆肥高温期、降温期细菌多样性和丰富度。It is a common artificial strengthening measure to inoculate straw decomposition bacteria to enhance straw degradation.Rice straw and cabbage tail are two kinds of agricultural organic solid wastes with different characteristics.The composting and fermentation of them can improve the treatment effect through nutrient complementation.Air-dried rice straw and cabbage tail were used as mixed raw materials after harvest(mass ratio of them 7∶3)for composting experiment,to study the effects of straw decomposition agent(inoculation amount 5%,volume ratio)on composting process,and to analyze the dynamic changes of bacterial diversity during composting process by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that compared with the control(CK),the high temperature period of the heap was 6 days longer and the germination index(GI)increased by 9.0%in the treatment of straw decomposing agent(T1).At the end of composting,the total nitrogen and total potassium contents of the material increased significantly to 1.39%and 2.15%(P<0.05).The dominant bacteria with richness greater than 10%in high temperature period and cooling period treated by T1 were Fibrobacter and Demequina respectively.The dominant bacteria with a richness of more than 10%in the high-temperature period treated with CK were Pseudoxanthomonas and Chelatococcus,and the dominant bacteria with the highest richness in the cooling period was Thermobifida.The addition of straw decomposing bacteria could improve the nutrient content of materials,promote the decomposition of materials,and improve the bacterial diversity and richness of composting in high-temperature period and cooling period.

关 键 词：接菌剂 水稻秸秆 白菜尾菜 混合堆肥 细菌多样性 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]