超越“人本学”立场的异化劳动理论及其当代启示——基于《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》  

The Theory of Alienated Labor Transcending“Humanism”and Its Contemporary Enlightenment——Based on The Critique of Political Economy(Manuscript 1857-1858)

作　　者：王瑜 Wang Yu(School of Marxism,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong,510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《宁夏党校学报》2023年第3期48-56,共9页Journal of the Party School of the CPC Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Committee

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济时代的劳动过程研究”(20&ZD056)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》比较而言,马克思对异化劳动的研究实现了两次转变。一是研究立场的转变,即从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的“人本学”立场转向《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》的政治经济学立场;二是关于异化劳动内涵本质属性的转变,即从“类本质”属性转向资本属性。这两次转变从马克思在《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》对资本主义生产关系的历史演变、资本形成史、资本逻辑下的机器劳动异化的分析中就可窥见。结合新时代我国经济社会发展的实际,中国特色社会主义基本经济制度的创新性发展体现了异化劳动资本属性的理论意义和实践价值:从所有制层面规范和引导了资本逻辑的社会本性;从分配制度层面避免了资本逻辑的两极分化陷阱;从经济体制层面超越了资本逻辑的现代困境。Comparing Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and The Critique of Political Economy(1857-1858 Manuscripts),it is found that Marx’s research on alienated labor has gone through two shifts.The first is the shift of the research position,that is,from the“humanistic”posi⁃tion ofEconomic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 to the political economy position of The Cri⁃tique of Political Economy(1857-1858 Manuscripts).The second is the transformation of the intrin⁃sic attributes of alienated labor,that is,from the attribute of“class essence”to the attribute of capi⁃tal.These two transformations can be seen from Marx’s analysis of the historical evolution of capital⁃ist relations of production,the history of capital formation and the alienation of machine labor under the logic of capital in The Critique of Political Economy(1857-1858 Manuscripts).In terms of the actual economic and social development in the new era,the innovative development of the basic eco⁃nomic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics embodies the theoretical significance and practi⁃cal value of capitalism’s attributes of the alienated labor:standardizing and guiding the social nature of capital logic in terms of the system of ownership;avoiding the trap of polarization of the capital logic from the perspective of distribution system;transcendingthe modern dilemma of the capital logic from the perspective of economic system.

关 键 词：异化劳动 人本学 资本逻辑 基本经济制度 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]