黄梅属地衣2个中国新记录种  

Two New Record Species of the Lichen Genus Xanthoparmelia to China

作　　者：热衣木·马木提[1] 山都哈什·哈布力 REYIM Mamut;SANDUHAX Habul(College of Life Sciences and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China;Manas County Plain Forest Farm,Changji,Xinjiang 832205,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830017 [2]玛纳斯县平原林场,新疆昌吉832205

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第5期877-882,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760052);自治区自然科学基金计划特培项目(2022D03005)。

摘　　要：黄梅属(Xanthoparmelia)是广泛分布于中国西北干旱半干旱地区的叶状地衣,生长在岩石和土壤表面。文章以1991-2017年采自天山东部和准噶尔盆地不同生态系统中的黄梅属地衣标本为研究材料,用形态学、解剖学、生物化学以及分子系统学方法,对其进行分类学研究。结果表明:(1)发现了黄梅属地衣的2个中国新记录种:即绿皮黄梅(Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa)和怀俄明黄梅(X.wyomingica)。(2)绿皮黄梅和怀俄明黄梅的地衣体上表面光泽、呈淡绿色至黄绿色,缺乏裂芽、粉芽,下表面暗褐色,且绿皮黄梅地衣体上表面有大量的白斑,裂片线性至亚线性、不规则分枝、重叠,假根多、单一至分枝,而怀俄明黄梅地衣体裂片密集重叠、亚线性,假根少、单一,但二者均未见子囊盘。(3)TLC法检测显示,绿皮黄梅衣含合水杨嗪酸、肺衣酸、水杨嗪酸及松萝酸;怀俄明黄梅含共水杨嗪酸、降斑点酸、水杨嗪酸及松萝酸。(4)ITS rDNA系统发育分析表明,这两个中国新记录种地衣分布在黄梅衣属中,绿皮黄梅和旱黄梅形成一个姊妹群并且和散生黄梅形成单系分支;怀俄明黄梅形成了一个独立单系分支。文中对这两新记录种地衣进行了详细描述,并提供了它们的分布、生境和地衣体的彩色图片。标本现存于新疆大学“中国西北干旱区地衣研究中心”标本室(XJU)。Species of the foliose genus Xanthoparmelia are among the most abundant lichens occurring on rocks and soil throughout arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China.Two hundred sixteen specimens of Xanthoparmelia collected in eastern Tianshan mountains and Junggar basin in 1991-2017 were examined based on morphological,anatomical,chemical characters and with modern molecular systematic analysis.The main results are as follows.(1)Two species,Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa and X.wyomingica are reported for China for the first time.(2)Both species are characterized by having shiny,greenish to yellow green thallus,brown lower surface,without isidia and soralia,but X.chlorochroa has an abundant white maculate on the upper surface,thallus with dichotomously lobate,sublinear,overlapping lobes,moderately to densely rhizinate lower surface,simple to branched rhizines,whereas X.wyomingica has thallus with strongly imbricate,sublinear lobes,sparsely rhizinate lower surface,simple rhizines.Apothecia not found in the two species.(3)TLC results indicate that,X.chlorochroa contains consalazinic,lobaric,salazinic and usnic acids.X.wyomingica contains consalazinic,norstictic,salazinic and usnic acids.(4)Phylogenetic analyses of X.chlorochroa,X.wyomingica are presented,showing the current phylogenetic results place the two species within Xanthoparmelia.X.chlorochroa with X.camtschadalis forms a clade,and also with X.conspersa forms a monophyletic group.Two specimens of X.wyomingica forms an independent monophyletic clade.Detailed descriptions,illustrations,habitat and color photos for these species are provided in this paper.The examined specimens are stored in Herbarium of the Lichens Research Center in Arid Zones of Northwest China,Xinjiang University(XJU).

关 键 词：地衣 黄梅属 新记录种 地衣次生代谢产物 系统学 

分 类 号：Q949.34[生物学—植物学]