高铅粗铜火法精炼脱铅技术探讨  

Discussion on lead removal technology by pyro-refining of high lead crude copper

作　　者：舒波 王恩志 张鑫 朱有康 沈强华[2] SHU Bo;WANG En-zhi;ZHANG Xin;ZHU You-kang;SHEN Qiang-hua(Chuxiong Dianzhong Nonferrous Metals Co.Ltd.,Chuxiong 675000,Yunnan,China;Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650039,China)

机构地区：[1]楚雄滇中有色金属有限责任公司,云南楚雄675000 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《矿冶》2023年第3期87-91,共5页Mining And Metallurgy

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AB080007)。

摘　　要：针对PS转炉吹炼所产粗铜铅含量高、杂质复杂的问题,采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)分析手段分析铅在粗铜中的赋存状态,在此基础上,采用火法精炼技术脱除高铅粗铜中的铅,对比分析了碱性脱杂剂(含钠钙的高活性碳酸盐)和酸性脱杂剂(含二氧化硅和5%的硼酸钠)对精炼铜品质和铅、砷、锑、铋等杂质脱除的影响。结果表明:PS转炉吹炼所产粗铜中的铅主要以砷锑酸铅(Pb_(3)[(As,Sb)O_(4)]_(2))形式存在,As与Sb以类质同象相互取代;采用碱性脱杂剂脱铅时的杂质脱除率明显高于采用酸性脱杂剂的,所得精炼铜的杂质含量低;添加粗铜质量0.7%的碱性脱杂剂,在1210~1230℃、空气流量1.33~1.80 L/min的条件搅动熔体14 min,即可将粗铜中的铅从0.089%降到0.014%,铅、砷、锑、铋杂质的脱除率可分别达到83.93%、96.17%、96.64%、92.80%。研究结果可为粗铜精炼提供参考。In response to the problem of high lead content and complex impurities in crude copper produced by PS converter blowing,based on the analysis of the occurrence state of lead in crude copper using metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)analysis methods,the lead in high lead crude copper is removed using fire refining technology,A comparative analysis was conducted on the effects of alkaline impurity removal agents(highly active carbonates containing sodium and calcium)and acidic impurity removal agents(containing silica and 5%sodium borate)on the quality of refined copper and the removal of impurities such as lead,arsenic,antimony,bismuth,etc.The results show that the lead in the crude copper produced by PS converter blowing mainly exists in the form of lead arsenioantimonate(Pb_(3)[(As,Sb)O_(4)]_(2)),and As and Sb are replaced by isomorphism.The impurity removal rate when using alkaline impurity removal agent for lead removal is significantly higher than that when using acidic impurity removal agent,and the impurity content of the refined copper obtained is low.Adding an alkaline impurity remover with a mass of 0.7%of crude copper and stirring the melt at a temperature of 1210-1230℃and an air flow rate of 1.33-1.80 L/min for 14 minutes can reduce the lead content in crude copper from 0.089%to 0.014%.The removal rates of lead,arsenic,antimony,and bismuth impurities can reach 83.93%,96.17%,96.64%,and 92.80%,respectively.The research results can provide reference for crude copper refining.

关 键 词：粗铜 火法精炼 脱铅 碱性脱杂剂 酸性脱杂剂 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]