非农就业对农民环保参与的影响:私人与公共层面的异同  

Impact of non‑agricultural employment on farmers’green behaviors:differences in the private and public sectors

作　　者：李俊姿 杨志海[1] LI Junzi;YANG Zhihai(College of Economics and Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第5期181-192,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“新形势下我国粮食安全与水资源保障重大问题研究”(批准号:20JZD015);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“小农户融入绿色农业的模式、机理及对策研究”(批准号:2662020JGPY006)。

摘　　要：在农村传统的差序格局下,农民在私人与公共层面的环保参与是不同的,而非农就业对两个层面环保参与的影响也有显著的差异。原因主要在于差序格局下的农民本就对“私”与“公”的态度不同,他们在环保参与中也是以自己为中心,相比之下更加注重私领域、忽视公领域。而非农就业进一步加速了农民宗族、血缘、地缘关系的淡化,使得农民更加注重“私”、忽视“公”。在此背景下,文中利用中国社会综合调查(CGSS)的数据,运用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)评估了非农就业对农民私人层面与公共层面环保参与的影响。进而基于环保认知与收入差距视角,利用中介效应模型从旁佐证了非农就业对农民私人层面与公共层面环保参与影响的差异。研究发现:非农就业促进了农民私人层面的环保参与,但抑制了农民在公共层面的环保参与,而环保认知与收入差距在非农就业对农民环保参与的影响中起到一定中介作用。具体而言,非农就业通过提升农民环保认知水平促进了农民私人层面与公共层面的环保参与。与此同时,非农就业缩小了村内收入差距,这在一定程度上影响了农民心中对“公领域”与“私领域”的衡量,促进了农民在公共层面的环保参与。此外,异质性分析结果表明:对政府评价越高的农民,非农就业对其私人层面的环保参与影响越大,而对公共层面的环保参与越少;政府为解决环保问题投入资金越多的地区,农民的非农就业对其两个层面的环保参与影响越小;环境污染越严重的地区,非农就业对农民两个层面的环保参与影响越小。Due to the differential mode of association,farmers have different attitudes towards their participation in environmental protection in the private and public sectors.As a result,non-agricultural employment has different impacts on green behaviors in both fields.The main reason for these differences is that farmers have different attitudes towards the private and public sectors.Farmers are also self-centered in their green behaviors,paying more attention to the private sector while ignoring the public sector.On the other hand,non-agricultural employment accelerates the dilution of farmers’clan,blood relationship,and geographical relationship,which makes farmers pay more attention to the private sector while ignoring the public one.This study examined whether non-agricultural employment contributes to farmers’different green behaviors in the private and public sectors by using the 2SLS method based on data from the CGSS.Then,from the perspective of environmental awareness and the income gap,the intermediary effect model was used to further prove the differences between the impact of non-agricultural employment on farmers’green behaviors in the private and public sectors.The study found that non-agricultural employment promoted their green behaviors in the private sector but inhibited them in the public sector.In the process,non-agricultural employment might alter farmers’perceptions of the environment and the income disparity within the village,which might further alter farmers’green behaviors.Specifically,non-agricultural employment improved farmers’perceptions of environmental protection,which promoted their green behaviors in the private and public sectors.Non-agricultural employment narrowed the income gap within villages,which promoted farmers’green behaviors in the public sector.In addition,the results also showed that the higher a farmer evaluated the government,the greater the impact of their work experiences in cities on green behaviors in the private sector,and the smaller the impact on gre

关 键 词：非农就业 环保参与 环保认知 收入差距 差序格局 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]