缩行匀株对小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制  

Effects of Row Space Reduction and Plant Space Expansion on Tillers Number in Wheat and Its Physiological Mechanism

作　　者：刘盼 高珊 李浩宇 王翼 尹宝重[2] 郭进考[3] 甄文超[1,4,5] LIU Pan;GAO Shan;LI Haoyu;WANG Yi;YIN Baozhong;GUO Jinkao;ZHEN Wenchao(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Hebei Baoding 071001,China;College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Hebei Baoding 071001,China;Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050085,China;Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hebei Agricultural University,Hebei Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Hebei Agricultural University,Hebei Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [3]石家庄市农林科学研究院,石家庄050085 [4]河北农业大学,农业农村部华北节水重点实验室,河北保定071001 [5]河北农业大学,河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第4期32-44,共13页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(22326406D);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300900)。

摘　　要：为明确缩行匀株(row space reduction and plant space expansion,RRPE)对冬小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制,于2019-2021年小麦种植季,以‘马兰1号’为供试品种,设置2个行距和3个播期,研究RRPE处理对小麦冬前分蘖数和生物量的影响,及分蘖节内源激素和蔗糖对RRPE的响应特征。结果表明,RRPE处理能促进小麦冬前分蘖数(tillers number,TN)和生物量,平均增加14.5%和20.9%,并增加≥3叶的分蘖数;RRPE处理降低了3叶期至越冬期小麦分蘖节吲哚乙酸(indoleacetic acid,IAA)、独脚金内酯(strigolactones,SLs)、赤霉素(gibberellin,GA)和油菜素甾醇(brassinosterol,BR)含量,分别平均降低19.4%、17.5%、11.4%和13.6%;RRPE处理显著提高了玉米素核苷(zeatin nucleoside,ZR)、细胞分裂素(cytokinin,CTK)和蔗糖(saccharose,SA)含量,平均提高13.1%、54.4%和15.2%。RRPE处理还降低了IAA/ZR、BR/SL和BR/CTK,但提高了SLs/GA。相关分析表明,CTK、BR与冬前TN显著相关,相关系数平均为0.65。BR对TN的正向贡献最高;GA、BR/CTK对TN的负向贡献较高;IAA/ZR通过GA和IAA对TN的负向贡献较高。综上所述,RRPE处理可以促进小麦冬前分蘖、增加生物量,这与BR、GA含量,以及BR/CTK的直接作用、IAA/ZR通过GA和IAA的间接作用关系密切。In order to clarify the effect of row space reduction and plant space expansion(RRPE)on the tillering of winter wheat and its physiological mechanism,‘Malan 1’was used as test variety during the winter season from 2019 to 2021.The effects of RRPE treatment on the tillers number and biomass of wheat in the pre-winter stage were studied by setting two row spacing and three sowing dates,and the response characteristics of phytohormones and saccharose(SA)in tillers nodes to RRPE were studied.The results showed that RRPE significantly promoted the tillers number(TN)and biomass of wheat during pre-winter stage,with the average increase 14.5%and 20.9%,respectively,and increased the TN with more than three leaves.RRPE reduced the contents of indoleacetic acid(IAA),strigolactones(SLs),gibberellin(GA),and brassinosterol(BR)in wheat tillers nodes from the trifolium stage to the wintering stage,with decreases of 19.4%,17.5%,11.4%and 13.6%,respectively.RRPE treatment significantly increased the content of zeatin nucleoside(ZR),cytokinin(CTK)and saccharose(SA),which increased by 13.1%,54.4%and 15.2%,respectively.RRPE processing also reduced IAA/ZR,BR/SL and BR/CTK,but improved SLs/GA.The correlation coefficient between CTK,BR and tillers number in pre-winter were the highest with average 0.65.BR had the highest positive contribution to TN,while GA and BR/CTK had higher negative contributions to TN.The negative contributions of IAA/ZR through GA and IAA through GA to TN were relatively high.In conclusion,RRPE could promote wheat tillering and increase biomass before winter,which was most closely related to BR and GA contents,as well as the direct effects of BR/CTK,and the indirect effects of IAA/ZR through GA and IAA through GA.

关 键 词：缩行匀株 小麦 分蘖 生理机制 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]