绿肥模式下减量施氮对烤烟产量与品质的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Green Manure with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：赵文军 杨继周 尹梅[2] 陈检锋[2] 薛开政 胡保文 付利波[2] 王伟 王志远[2] 杨艳鲜[2] 陈华[2] ZHAO Wenjun;YANG Jizhou;YIN Mei;CHEN Jianfeng;XUE Kaizheng;HU Baowen;FU Libo;WANG Wei;WANG Zhiyuan;YANG Yanxian;CHEN Hua(Hongta Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd,Yunnan Yuxi 653100,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resource,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司,云南玉溪653100 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第4期189-196,共8页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司科技计划项目(2019YL07);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：为明确植烟区光叶紫花苕子(Vicia villosa Roth var.glabrescens)用作绿肥模式下烤烟的适宜氮肥施用量,开展田间定位试验,设置冬闲(F)和冬种绿肥(G)种植模式,并分别设置施用0(N0)、55%(N55)、70%(N70)、85%(N85)和100%(N100)氮肥,共计10个处理。研究绿肥模式下不同施氮水平对烟草农艺性状、烤烟产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与冬闲相比,冬种绿肥可显著提升烟草农艺性状;其中N55、N70、N85处理显著提升了烟草株高、有效叶数,N85处理烟草的株高提升了7%;N55和N70处理烟草的有效叶数分别增加了15%及13%。相比冬闲,冬种绿肥显著增加烤烟产值、烤烟均价、中上等烟比例、上等烟比例和烤烟产量;其中,N70施肥处理的中上等烟比例、烤烟均价及烤烟产值均最高,较冬闲100%施肥处理显著增加了18.3%、14.9%和11.2%;且N70处理烤烟的化学品质有较大改善,总氮含量显著增加,糖碱比显著降低,钾氯比提高。综上所述,冬种绿肥并配施70%的氮肥可有效提升烟草农艺性状,从而实现烤烟产值最大化,改善烤烟品质,为云南烟区节肥、增效、可持续生产提供科学依据和技术支撑。In order to clear the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco when smooth vetch(Vicia villosa Roth var.glabrescens)was as a green manure,the field experiment was conducted.Two cultivated models were set including fallow(F)and green manure(G)in winter,and five amounts of nitrogen fertilizer were set including 0(N0),55%(N55),70%(N70),85%(N85)and 100%(N100).The effects of green manure combined with different nitrogen levels on the agronomic characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with F model,the application of G model could significantly improve the agronomic characteristics of tobacco leaves.Under G model,the plant height and effective leaf number of N55,N70 and N85 treatments were significantly increased,the tobacco plant height of N85 treatment increased by 7%;the number of effective tobacco leaves in N55 and N70 treatments increased by 15%and 13%,respectively.Compared with F model,G model significantly increased the output value of flue-cured tobacco,the average price of flue-cured tobacco,the proportion of high-quality tobacco,the proportion of high-quality tobacco,and the yield of flue-cured tobacco.Especially,the N70 treatment of G model had the highest proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco,average price of flue-cured tobacco,and output value of flue-cured tobacco,increased by 18.3%,14.9%and 11.2%compared with N100 treatment of F model.The chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco under N70 treatment of G model was greatly improved,the total nitrogen content of flue-cured tobacco was significantly increased,the ratio of sugar to alkali was significantly reduced,and the ratio of potassium to chlorine was significantly increased.In summary,the green manure combined with 70%nitrogen fertilizer could effectively improve the agronomic characteristics of tobacco,maximize the output value of flue-cured tobacco,improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco,which provided scientific basis and scientific basis for fertilizer saving,

关 键 词：绿肥 氮肥用量 烤烟 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]