石灰对苹果园土壤改良和植株生长的影响  

Effects of Lime on Soil Improvement and Plant Growth in Apple Orchards

作　　者：孟璐 范敬文 赛欣娱 曾路生[1] 宋祥云[1] 崔德杰[1] MENG Lu;FAN Jingwen;SAI Xinyu;ZENG Lusheng;SONG Xiangyun;CUI Dejie(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Shandong Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第4期197-204,共8页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：山东省平度市科技攻关项目(6602419128)。

摘　　要：为研究石灰对提高苹果产量与品质的影响,在施用有机肥的基础上分别施用0(CK)、4500、6000和7500 kg·hm^(-2)石灰,研究不同处理下土壤的理化性质及苹果的产量和品质。结果表明,施用石灰能较好地改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤养分离子的有效性,改善土壤养分供应状况。其中,施加7500 kg·hm^(-2)石灰处理效果最好,土壤pH和土壤碱解氮含量较CK显著增加,0—20和20—40 cm土层碱解氮含量分别提升100.8%和163.3%。施用石灰可明显提高苹果树叶片光合作用和荧光参数,在7500 kg·hm^(-2)石灰处理后叶片净光合速率提高69.7%,最大荧光值、可变荧光值和PIabs分别提升8.6%、9.8%和14.7%。综上所述,在施用有机肥基础上配施石灰改良土壤,能够改善果树生长环境,促进苹果树对养分的吸收。To study the effect of lime on improving the yield and quality of apples,different amounts of lime(4500,6000 and 7500 kg·hm^(-2))were applied on the basis of the application of organic fertilizer,and no lime was as control(CK).The physicochemical properties of soil and the yield and quality of apple under different treatments were studied.The results showed that the application of lime could improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil,and improve the effectiveness of the soil nutrient ions and the soil nutrient supply condition.Among treatments,the lime treatment of 7500 kg·hm^(-2)had the best effect,which the soil pH and the content of alkaline nitrogen in soil significantly increased and the alkaline nitrogen content increased by 100.8%and 163.3%in the 0—20 and 20—40 cm soil layers compared to the CK.Application of lime significantly improved the photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters of apple leaves.Moreover,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 69.7%after the application of lime 7500 kg·hm^(-2),and the maximum fluorescence value,variable fluorescence value and PIabs increased by 8.6%,9.8%and 14.7%,respectively.To sum up,the application of lime on the basis of organic fertilizer could improve the growth environment of fruit trees and promote the nutrients absorption of apple trees.

关 键 词：苹果产区 石灰 有机肥 土壤理化性质 光合作用 荧光参数 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]