基于疏散模拟的老年人照料设施避难空间效率优化研究  

Study on the efficiency of refuge space in elderly care facilities based on evacuation simulation

作　　者：吴岩 张桓嘉 WU Yan;ZHANG Huanjia(School of Architecture,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学建筑学院,河南郑州450007

出　　处：《四川建筑科学研究》2023年第3期98-106,共9页Sichuan Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(51908510);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878620);教育部人文与社会科学项目(18YJC760101)。

摘　　要：为提升老年人照料设施的疏散效率,以某老年人照料设施为实验样本,利用Pathfinder软件进行了疏散行为模拟,探索了空间要素对介助、介护老人疏散效率的影响。以疏散走道宽度、避难空间入口至老年人居室房门的平均距离为变量,架构了疏散场景-疏散行为模型组,对介助、介护老人的不同疏散行为进行了仿真模拟,对比了不同空间设计要素影响下的疏散时间差异,识别了影响疏散效率的空间薄弱区域,分析了引起疏散效率差异的主要原因。研究表明:最近避难空间入口至老年人居室房门的平均距离越小,疏散时间越短,将部分疏散困难老人的居室作为避难空间实施就地避难时,总疏散时间最少;走道宽度的增加对减少整体疏散时间效果不明显,但能够有效缓解拥堵。To improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation in elderly care facilities,Pathfinder software was used as a tool to simulate evacuation behavior in an elderly care facility,which was an experimental sample to identify the influence of spatial factors on evacuation efficiency of device-aided elderly and nursing-cared elderly.The framework of evacuation scenario-evacuation behavior model group,along with the simulation of the device-aided elderly and nursing-cared elderly’s different evacuation behavior were based on two variables,the evacuation corridor width and the average distance from refuge space entrance to the door of elderly’s living room.The differences in evacuation time under the influence of different space design elements were compared,the spatial weaknesses which influenced evacuation efficiency were identified,and the main cause of evacuation efficiency differences were analyzed.The results show that the shorter the average distance from the nearest refuge room entrance to the door of elderly’s living room,the shorter the evacuation time is.And the total amount of evacuation time is the least when some living rooms for elderly who are difficult to evacuate are utilized as refuge spaces to offer shelter-in-place alternative.The increase of corridor width has no obvious effect on reducing the overall evacuation time,but it can effectively alleviate the congestion.

关 键 词：老年人照料设施 疏散模拟 避难空间布局 平均距离 走道宽度 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]